50
States ranked
1,312
Cities scored
49
Data sources
11
Scoring categories
America’s Dashboard

America's Dashboard ranks and scores all 50 US states and1,312 cities using real government data. Compare economy, safety, health, education, affordability, and more — free, transparent, and updated with the latest federal statistics.

Updated as each source publishes its latest release

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Data sources

Rankings are computed from publicly available federal and state government datasets, supplemented by a handful of published indexes (such as the Tax Foundation, Child Care Aware of America and Zillow Research). Figures are used as each source publishes them, including the FBI's own state crime estimates; nothing is synthetic or modeled by us, and every source is cited below.

  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS annual averages·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, estimated crimes by state·
  • CDC NCHS U.S. State Life Tables·
  • CDC BRFSS·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS (table S2701)·
  • NAEP, The Nation's Report Card·
  • EDFacts adjusted cohort graduation rate (NCES)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates·
  • Cook Political Report, PVI·
  • Tax Foundation, Facts & Figures·
  • ALEC Rich States Poor States·
  • WalletHub Tax Burden Study·
  • Zillow Research, Zillow Home Value Index·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities·
  • EPA AirData, Median AQI by County·
  • EIA State Electricity Profiles·
  • FEMA National Risk Index·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Net Domestic Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS Broadband Subscriptions·
  • National Park Service API·
  • USGS Protected Areas Database (PAD-US)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year Commuting·
  • FHWA Highway Statistics·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • EIA residential electricity prices·
  • EIA State Energy Data System, motor gasoline prices·
  • EIA Natural Gas Prices, residential·
  • Child Care Aware of America, Price & Supply·
  • Tax Foundation, State Income Tax Rates and Brackets·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities, goods·
  • NCES Common Core of Data (CCD)·
  • EDFacts ACGR Graduation Rates·
  • NCES School District Finance Survey (F-33)·
  • BEA GDP by State (SAGDP9)·
  • NASBO Fiscal Survey of States·
  • Census Bureau State Government Finances·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts Fiscal 50·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts, State Pension Funding·
  • S&P/Moody's via Ballotpedia·
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES·
  • IRS Statistics of Income, State-to-State Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS State-to-State Migration Flows·
  • Zillow Research, Home Values, Rents & Market Metrics·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, city police agency reports·
  • CDC PLACES, city health estimates·
  • NOAA U.S. Climate Normals·
  • EPA National Walkability Index
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Home/States/Colorado

2026 edition·West·Pop. 6,012,561·Capital Denver·38th state, admitted 1876·Cook PVI D+5

Is Colorado a Good Place to Live? Colorado Rankings, Cost of Living, Crime & Taxes

Colorado ranks #18 of 50 with a composite score of 64.7 and a B+ grade, strongest in transportation (#3) and weakest in safety (#46). The median household earns $97,113 (20% above the national median), homes typically cost $532,748 (44% above the national average), and violent crime is 422 per 100,000 (29% above the national average).

Editor's verdict
Colorado's economy is a Front Range story, with median household income at $97,113, 20% above the national median, and 19.9% of workers already at home, the highest share in the country. Weigh that against a home price to income ratio of 5.5x (national 4.6x) and a property crime rate 40% above the national average, most of it inside the Denver metro.
Compare Colorado with its neighbors →Best cities in Colorado →How the score works →
Composite score
64.7B+
#18 of 50 · #6 in the West
Top 10 in
Transportation #3, Health #7, Economy #9, Outdoor Access #9
Middle of the pack
Education #18, Environment #20, Fiscal Health #22, Livability #24, Growth #33, Affordability #38
Bottom 10 in
Safety #46
NumbersNumbersScorecardScoresCostCostTaxesTaxesSafetySafetyJobsJobsSchools & healthSchoolsMovingMovingCitiesCitiesBest forBest forNeighborsNeighborsFAQFAQ
Top ↑

Colorado by the numbers

Six measures every state is judged on, each with Colorado's rank of 50 and the national figure beside it.

Median household income
$97,113
#8 of 50, 1 = highest · US $80,903
Typical home value
$532,748
#44 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US $368,697
Cost of living index
103.1
#39 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US 100
Violent crime per 100K
422
#43 of 50, 1 = safest · US 328
Unemployment rate
4%
#26 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 3.95%
Total tax burden
8.73%
#25 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 8.74%

Sources, latest releases: Census Bureau ACS (income), Zillow Research (home value), BEA Regional Price Parities (cost index), FBI state crime estimates (crime), BLS LAUS (unemployment), WalletHub tax burden study (taxes). Rank 1 is the best value in each measure: highest income, lowest cost, lowest crime.

→Read the Colorado overview

Colorado scores above the national average in 7 of 11 categories and ranks #6 of 13 states in the West, behind 5 regional neighbors. Its biggest edge over the country is median household income ($97,113, 20% above the national median); its biggest shortfall is typical home value ($532,748, 44% above the national average). That mix of top-10 finishes (4) and bottom-10 finishes (1) is why the composite alone undersells the tradeoffs a mover here faces.

What stands out
  • Public land covers 36.2% of Colorado (#9 nationally), nearly all of it west of the Front Range, where most people do not live.
  • The highest work-from-home share anywhere at 19.9%, paired with natural gas at $11.17 per thousand cubic feet, #11 cheapest, for heating a home office all winter.
  • Property tax at 0.49% is #3 lowest, but sales tax at 7.89% varies by city and district, and TABOR refunds hit your return.

Where does Colorado rank in each category?

All 11 categories that make up the composite, heaviest weight first. Colorado is top 10 in 4 and bottom 10 in 1.

CategoryScoreRankGradeWeightUS avgThe numbers behind it
Economy60.3#9 of 50A15%47.1Its unemployment rate is 4% and median household income is $97,113.
Safety50.4#46 of 50D12%68.9The FBI estimates 421.7 violent crimes and 2,143.6 property crimes per 100,000 residents.
Health75.4#7 of 50A12%54.4Life expectancy is 78.5 years, 25% of adults have obesity, and 7.9% of residents are uninsured.
Education65.3#18 of 50B+12%57.5Eighth graders average 278 in NAEP math and 265 in reading, and the high school graduation rate is 82.3%.
Affordability53.1#38 of 50C10%65.2Typical home value $532,748 (5.5x median income); cost of living index 103.1 (100 = US); center-based infant care $20,978 a year.
Fiscal Health60.4#22 of 50B8%58.1It carries $3,120 of debt per resident, has 67% of pensions funded, and holds a AA+ credit rating.
Growth31.0#33 of 50C+7%38.8Population grew 0.4% last year; Census net domestic migration is -2 per 1,000 residents (the Moving section below uses IRS household counts, a different series).
Transportation61.4#3 of 50A+7%49.8The average commute is 25.7 minutes, 1.7% of workers use public transit, and 19.9% work from home.
Livability34.2#24 of 50B7%34.3It has 1.934 restaurants and 0.034 arts venues per 1,000 residents, plus 0.147 bars and 0.075 social associations per 1,000.
Outdoor Access44.5#9 of 50A6%29.436.2% of its land is public, with 2.74 recreation facilities per 10,000 residents.
Environment45.9#20 of 50B4%42.5Its median air quality index is 42, 39% of its electricity is renewable, and its FEMA disaster risk score is 17.9.

Weight, US average and the evidence sentence for each category are shown on wider screens.

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. US avg is the mean score of the 50 states. Click a category for its 50-state ranking.

Category shape

Colorado's 11 category scores. A balanced state fills the wheel evenly; Colorado bulges toward transportation and dips at safety.

How expensive is Colorado?

Colorado's cost of living index is 103.1 against a national baseline of 100, 3% above the national average and #39 of 50 (1 = cheapest). The typical home is worth $532,748 (44% above the national average); buying it takes an income of about $138,758, $41,645 more than the median household earns. Inside the state the spread is wide: among tracked cities, Pueblo is cheapest (index 91.8) and Parker priciest (105.8).

Housing market snapshot · August

Cool market
Typical home value
$532,748
-1.4% in 1 yr · +6.8% in 5 yr · national $369K
Mortgage payment
$2,741/mo
P&I, 20% down, current rates
Income needed
$139K
median earns $97K (+43%)
Rent, Denver
$1,922/mo
renting cheaper by $958 vs. a $2,880 metro payment
Price cuts · days
32% · 55
national 26% · 53 days

Ranked #7 of 50 most expensive by typical value and #40 on price relative to income (1 = most affordable). The median household is $41,645 short of the income needed to buy the typical home.

Full Colorado housing market: 26-year chart, rent vs. buy, cities →

What a household keeps at $75,000

HouseholdColoradoMedian stateRank
Family of fourTwo adults, two kids, one in daycare−$35,330−$11,758#43 of 50
Single adultOne-bedroom rent, no childcare+$25,165+$31,418#39 of 50
Retiree coupleOwn the home, no payroll tax+$28,486+$35,970#39 of 50

Take-home pay minus housing, childcare, utilities, groceries and transport for a $75,000 household, from the affordability engine. Positive = money left over; negative = costs exceed take-home. Rank 1 = most left over.

Electricity price
15.85¢/kWh
#30 of 50 · US 17.84¢/kWh
Natural gas price
$11.17/Mcf
#11 of 50 · US $15.83/Mcf
Gasoline price
$3.13/gal
#19 of 50 · US $3.32/gal
Price level for goods
98.7
#36 of 50 · US 100
Center-based infant care, per year
$20,978
#42 of 50 · US $15,633
Editor's note

Housing makes Colorado expensive, mostly on the Front Range. Boulder, the Denver suburbs and Fort Collins price like coastal metros; Pueblo, Greeley and Grand Junction do not; the drive between them is what you pay. Newcomers budget for the mortgage and miss the rest: HOA dues in newer suburbs, wildfire insurance in the foothills, hail deductibles on the plains, and infant care at $20,978, 34% above the national average. A family of four earning $75,000 ends the year at a $35,330 shortfall, against a $11,758 shortfall in the median state, #43 of 50.

  • Run your own budget for Colorado →
  • Colorado housing market →
  • Housing rankings →

What are taxes like in Colorado?

Colorado's tax mix is low property tax, with income and sales taxes in the middle of the pack. The total state and local tax burden comes to 8.73% of income, in line with the national average (#25 of 50, 1 = lightest). Property tax is 0.49% of home value (#3), and combined sales tax averages 7.89% (#35).

Total tax burden
8.73%
#25 of 50 · US 8.74%
Top income tax rate
4.4%
#17 of 50 · US avg 5.46%
Effective property tax
0.49%
#3 of 50 · US 1.02%
Combined sales tax
7.89%
#35 of 50 · US 6.66%

Tax Foundation (rates) and WalletHub tax burden study (burden as a share of income), latest releases. Rank 1 = lowest. Income tax is the top marginal rate including typical local taxes where they apply.

Can the state pay its bills?

Credit rating
AA+
S&P / Moody's
Rainy-day fund
13.2%
of spending · #14 of 50
Pensions funded
67%
of obligations · #37 of 50
Debt per resident
$3,120
state debt · #29 of 50

Fiscal health scores 60.4 out of 100, #22 of 50. Pew Fiscal 50, Census state finances and the rating agencies, latest releases.

Editor's note

Colorado taxes income at a flat 4.4%, and TABOR caps what the state may keep, so surpluses come back as refunds. For a homeowner, property tax of 0.49% (#3 lowest) is the draw, and owners past sixty-five with ten years in the home can exempt half its value up to a cap. For a high earner, the flat rate beats California but not no-income-tax states. For a retiree, the sales tax of 7.89% bites harder than income tax, since retirement income gets a sizable subtraction.

  • Fiscal health rankings →
  • Best states for retirees →

Is Colorado safe?

Colorado reports 422 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 29% above the national average and #43 of 50 (1 = safest). Property crime runs 2,144 per 100,000, 40% above the national average (#49 of 50). The safety score is 50.4 out of 100, #46 of 50; among tracked cities, Castle Rock has the lowest violent crime rate.

Colorado vs. the United States, per 100,000 residents

Violent crime#43 of 50
CO
422
US
328
Property crime#49 of 50
CO
2,144
US
1,535

FBI state crime estimates, latest release. US is the mean of the 50 states; blue = below it, terracotta = above it. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because their latest year is based on limited data.

Safest tracked cities in Colorado

CityPopulationViolent / 100KProperty / 100K
Castle Rock79,12330943
Broomfield76,3041521,498
Loveland78,4101631,442
Centennial108,2011921,422
Parker61,7831921,077

Lowest violent crime among the 20 Colorado cities we track with 50,000 or more residents. City rates come from each city's police agency and are not strictly comparable across agencies.

Editor's note

Colorado's crime problem is a Denver metro property crime story: 2,144 per hundred thousand, 40% above the national average, with car theft and break-ins doing the damage. Violent crime at 422 is 29% above the national average. Denver, Aurora, Lakewood and Pueblo carry most of the weight; the south metro suburbs sit far below it, and Castle Rock posts the lowest violent crime among tracked cities. A few interstate exits change the risk more than the price.

  • Safety rankings →
  • Best states for families →

What is the job market like in Colorado?

Colorado's unemployment rate is 4%, in line with the national average and #26 of 50 (1 = lowest), and the median household earns $97,113, 20% above the national median. Real GDP grew +2.6% in the latest year (#11 of 50) and GDP per capita is $75,024, 17% above the national average. The population is growing 0.4% a year, 0.1 points below the national average. The economy score is 60.3 out of 100, #9 of 50.

Median household income
$97,113
#8 of 50 · US $80,903
Unemployment rate
4%
#26 of 50 · US 3.95%
GDP per capita
$75,024
#7 of 50 · US $64,333
Real GDP growth
+2.6%
#11 of 50 · US +1.91%
Population growth
+0.4%
#28 of 50 · US +0.51%

Census Bureau ACS (income), BLS LAUS (unemployment), BEA (GDP), Census population estimates (growth), latest releases.

Highest-paying tracked occupations in Colorado, adjusted for cost of living

OccupationCost-adjustedMedian wageMetro
Family Medicine Physicians$247,948$250,427Denver-Aurora-Lakewood
Lawyers$151,994$153,514Denver-Aurora-Lakewood
Software Developers$150,821$152,329Denver-Aurora-Lakewood
Computer Systems Analysts$115,156$116,308Denver-Aurora-Lakewood
General & Operations Managers$109,441$110,535Denver-Aurora-Lakewood

BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release, for the 20 occupations we track. Cost-adjusted wage divides the metro median by its cost of living index.

Editor's note

Denver runs on professional services, federal offices, aerospace and telecom; the Front Range on tech, hospitals and universities. Colorado Springs is military: Fort Carson, the Air Force Academy and Space Force. Weld County is oil, gas and meatpacking; the Western Slope is energy, orchards and tourism; the ski counties are seasonal hospitality. The highest cost-adjusted wage belongs to family medicine physicians in Denver-Aurora-Lakewood at $250,427. Median income of $97,113 ranks #8, a Front Range median; the eastern plains and San Luis Valley run far below.

  • Economy rankings →
  • Wages by occupation and metro →

How are Colorado's schools and healthcare?

Colorado's education score is 65.3 out of 100, #18 of 50. Eighth graders average 278 in NAEP math (#15 of 50) and 265 in reading (#3 of 50), and the high school graduation rate is 82.3%, 3.3 points below the national average (#40 of 50).

Education score
65.3
#18 of 50 · US 57.5
Graduation rate
82.3%
#40 of 50 · US 85.6%
NAEP math, grade 8
278
#15 of 50 · US 273 · grade 4: 239
NAEP reading, grade 8
265
#3 of 50 · US 257 · grade 4: 221

Best public school cities we track, by graduation rate

CityGrad rateStudents / teacherPer pupil
Pueblo93%17.7$13,413
Boulder91%18.1$17,172
Longmont88%16.3$14,045

NCES Common Core of Data and School District Finance Survey, latest release. Cities with at least three schools.

Editor's note

Colorado's education rank of #18 hides a graduation rate of 82.3%, 3.3 points below the national average, poor for a state this rich. Douglas County, Boulder Valley and Cherry Creek post strong results while Denver, Aurora and the Colorado Springs districts lag. Open enrollment and a large charter sector mean families shop. Pueblo posts the highest tracked graduation rate. Check the school, not the ZIP code.

  • Education rankings →

Colorado is #7 of 50 for health, with a life expectancy of 78.5 years, 1.6 years above the national average. 25% of adults have obesity (#1 of 50) and 7.9% of residents have no health insurance (#30 of 50). The health score is 75.4 out of 100, weighted 12% of the composite.

Health score
75.4
#7 of 50 · US 54.4
Life expectancy
78.5 years
#11 of 50 · US 76.9 years
Adults with obesity
25%
#1 of 50 · US 34%
Uninsured
7.9%
#30 of 50 · US 7.6%

CDC National Center for Health Statistics (state life tables), CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (obesity), and Census Bureau American Community Survey (health insurance), latest releases.

Editor's note

Life expectancy of 78.5 years is 1.6 years above the national average, and the low obesity rate is real: the Front Range population is young and active. Access is the catch: mountain and plains counties are far from a hospital, rural clinics have closed, and newcomers feel the altitude for weeks. The median AQI of 42 ranks #35, with summer ozone on the Front Range and wildfire smoke from the West. Health ranks #7 overall.

  • Health rankings →

Who is moving to Colorado, and who is leaving?

Colorado gained a net 11,341 households from other states in the latest IRS release: 121,390 moved in and 110,049 moved out, +1.9 per 1,000 residents (#11 of 50). Arriving households report an average income of $82,532 against $84,540 for those leaving. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, which counts people rather than households, shows a net -25.0K people (181.7K in, 206.7K out, ±17.3K), pointing the other way, so treat the direction as uncertain.

Households moving in
121,390
top origin Texas
Households moving out
110,049
top destination Texas
Net per 1,000 residents
+1.9
#11 of 50 · +11,341 households
Avg income, arrivals
$82,532
leavers $84,540 · leavers earn more

Where they come from

  1. 1Texas14,923 · $88,895
  2. 2California14,044 · $102,714
  3. 3Florida8,639 · $75,973
  4. 4Arizona5,683 · $82,116
  5. 5Illinois4,686 · $102,087

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households arrived from these states in the latest IRS release.

Where they go

  1. 1Texas12,275 · $88,673
  2. 2California9,699 · $90,437
  3. 3Florida9,070 · $105,196
  4. 4Arizona6,012 · $97,216
  5. 5Washington3,935 · $86,638

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households left for these states in the latest IRS release.

Editor's note

Colorado still gains households: 121,390 arrived against 110,049 leaving, a net of +11,341 (#8). Texas is the top origin and destination, with California close behind on the way in. Leavers report $84,540 against $82,532 for arrivals, a small gap consistent with people cashing out Front Range equity for cheaper states. Churn is high both ways, and arrivals land in Parker, Castle Rock and the northern suburbs rather than Denver proper.

  • All Colorado migration flows →
  • State-by-state migration →

Where should you live in Colorado?

By composite score, the best of the 20 Colorado cities we track are Broomfield (68.1), Highlands Ranch (68), and Castle Rock (66.8). Pueblo is the cheapest (cost index 91.8), Highlands Ranch the richest ($159,307), and Grand Junction the fastest growing (+1.8% a year). City ranks are among the 20 Colorado cities we cover, not every city in the state.

Standout cities in Colorado

Best forCityMeasure
SafestCastle Rock30 violent crimes per 100K
CheapestPueblocost of living index 91.8
Most walkableBoulderwalkability 14.6 of 20
Cleanest airPueblomedian AQI 45 (county)
Best schoolsPueblo93% graduation rate
RichestHighlands Ranch$159,307

Among the 20 Colorado cities we track. Safest uses a full year of FBI reports from the city's own police agency; air quality is measured by county, so cities in the same county share a reading.

Editor's note

Regions of Colorado

Denver and the inner suburbs

The jobs, the transit, the property crime and the priciest rentals in the state; Aurora and Lakewood are cheaper and rougher, Broomfield and Arvada quieter and dearer.

DenverAuroraLakewoodArvadaWestminsterThorntonCommerce CityBroomfield
Douglas County and the south metro

Castle Rock, Parker and Highlands Ranch: the highest incomes and lowest crime in Colorado, master-planned, car-dependent, and growing faster than Denver itself.

Castle RockParkerHighlands RanchCentennial
Northern Front Range

Boulder is the priciest tracked city in the state; Fort Collins and Longmont are college and tech towns; Greeley is oil, cattle and the cheapest homes nearby.

BoulderFort CollinsLovelandLongmontGreeley
Colorado Springs, Pueblo and the south

Military-anchored Colorado Springs, then blue-collar Pueblo with the lowest home prices among tracked cities; the eastern plains and San Luis Valley are rural and far poorer.

Colorado SpringsPueblo
Western Slope and the mountains

Grand Junction is the only city west of the Divide, cheaper than the Front Range; the ski counties price like resorts, and the water headed east starts here.

Grand Junction

All 20 tracked cities, best to worst

#CityGradeScorePopulationIncomeViolent / 100KCost index
1Broomfield
A+
68.176,304$123,874152105.8
2Highlands Ranch
A+
68.0102,257$159,307—105.8
3Castle Rock
A
66.879,123$145,19730105.8
4Centennial
A
65.5108,201$131,928192105.8
5Parker
A
63.361,783$133,369192105.8
6Arvada
B+
62.1122,634$117,348307105.8
7Longmont
B+
60.899,406$90,671350105.2
8Loveland
B+
60.178,410$84,604163101.1
9Fort Collins
B+
59.7170,229$85,070289101.1
10Boulder
B+
59.0106,433$87,493354105.2
11Thornton
B
58.5144,187$103,088251105.8
12Westminster
B
58.5115,484$100,272288105.8
13Commerce City
C+
54.866,445$111,972742105.8
14Denver
C+
54.6718,877$94,718882105.8
15Grand Junction
C+
54.568,142$70,08053695.5
16Lakewood
C+
53.7156,583$89,792675105.8
17Aurora
C
51.5394,432$88,368763105.8
18Colorado Springs
C
51.2487,887$84,818690100.7
19Greeley
D
46.4110,806$69,881630100.2
20Pueblo
F
42.6111,561$56,6641,17791.8

Swipe the table sideways for more columns. Rank is among the 20 Colorado cities we track: every city of 50,000 or more, plus the state's other largest places. City scores use city-level Census, FBI, BLS, CDC, EPA and NCES data, and a category with no city data is left out of the score rather than filled with the state's figure.

Best cities in Colorado for…

#CityScoreEducationSafetyAffordability
1Broomfield65.754.386.340.5
2Castle Rock64.040.996.842.5
3Centennial63.445.384.340.5
4Loveland61.352.186.055.9
5Fort Collins60.247.575.752.2
All Colorado cities for families →Best states for families →
  • All 1,312 cities →

Who is Colorado best for?

The same 11 category scores, re-weighted for six kinds of household. Rank is among the 50 states; click through for the best Colorado cities for each.

Families
#22of 50
Best Colorado cities →
Retirees
#16of 50
Best Colorado cities →
Remote Workers
#23of 50
Best Colorado cities →
Young Professionals
#20of 50
Best Colorado cities →
Small Business
#20of 50
Best Colorado cities →
Outdoor Enthusiasts
#15of 50
Best Colorado cities →
Colorado fits
  • Remote workers with a coastal salary: 19.9% of Colorado workers already do it, broadband reaches 94.9% of households, and the mountains are a weekday drive.
  • Young professionals in tech, aerospace or health care: the state ranks #20 for them and GDP per capita is $75,024, 17% above the national average.
  • Small business owners: #20 of 50, with a flat income tax of 4.4% and unemployment in line with the national average.
Colorado does not fit
  • A family of four on a single $75,000 income: they end the year at a $35,330 shortfall, #43 of 50, and infant care runs $20,978.
  • Anyone who wants to give up the car: 1.7% of commuters use transit, and only central Denver and Boulder make that practical.
  • Households whose top priority is low property crime: the statewide rate is 40% above the national average, and the Denver metro runs higher than that.

Weights differ by household: families lean on education, safety and housing; retirees on fiscal health, healthcare and cost. See the weights →

How does Colorado compare with its neighbors?

Colorado ranks #18. Among its bordering states, Wyoming ranks highest (#2) and New Mexico lowest (#49). Nebraska is the most similar on the composite score and New Mexico the most different. Bordering states are listed best to worst; the national line is the mean of the 50 states.

StateOverallScoreMedian incomeTypical homeCost indexViolent crimeTax burdenCompare
Colorado#1864.7$97,113$532,748103.14228.73%
Wyoming#279.9$75,532$371,85492.71805.79%Compare →
Utah#675.4$96,658$534,58298.92369.46%Compare →
Nebraska#1071.1$76,376$280,67390.12188.78%Compare →
Kansas#2755.1$75,514$249,60390.14579.33%Compare →
Oklahoma#4343.0$66,148$223,26187.84087.01%Compare →
New Mexico#4930.6$67,816$318,24192.26229.62%Compare →
United States—57.9$80,903$368,6971003288.74%

Overall rank, median income, cost index and tax burden columns are shown on wider screens.

People also compare
Colorado vs. Texas →Colorado vs. California →
Other West states
  • Idaho#4
  • Montana#7
  • Hawaii#17
  • Washington#20
  • Oregon#35
  • Arizona#38
  • Nevada#40
  • Alaska#42
  • California#47
Editor's note

Wyoming is the neighbor Coloradans run the numbers on: no income tax an hour north of Fort Collins, which Cheyenne commuters and Front Range retirees both notice. New Mexico is the cheap side of the line for Pueblo and the San Luis Valley. Utah is the rival for tech recruiting and ski weekends.

  • Compare Colorado with any state →

How the score works

Eleven categories, each scored 0–100 and weighted into one composite. Grades follow rank.

The weights

Economy 15% · Safety 12% · Health 12% · Education 12% · Affordability 10% · Fiscal Health 8% · Growth 7% · Transportation 7% · Livability 7% · Outdoor Access 6% · Environment 4%. The composite is the weighted sum, stretched linearly so states spread across most of the 0–100 range.

From raw numbers to scores

Every raw measure is placed on a 0–100 scale between a fixed floor and ceiling, inverted where lower is better (crime, cost, taxes), then combined within its category. The same scale applies to every state.

Letter grades

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. A C+ state is not failing; it is in the middle third.

Cities, budgets and neighbors

The 20 Colorado city scores, the household budgets and the neighbor table on this page are computed from the same sources as the state score. City ranks are among the cities we track, not all cities in the state.

Editor's notes

Passages marked as editor's notes are written for this state and add context the numbers cannot: regions, tradeoffs, who the state fits. Every figure inside them is pulled from the data at build time, so the words cannot drift from the numbers.

Always the latest release

Each source is the most recent release its agency has published. The page is rebuilt when a source updates, so the score can move without any change in the state itself.

What the score cannot tell you

Weather and climate, culture and pace, politics beyond the Cook index shown for context, the quality of a specific school, hospital or neighborhood, job prospects in your field, and anything without a public, comparable, 50-state source. Statewide averages also hide the metro-versus-rural split, which is why the editor's notes name places.

Category briefs

Economy: Unemployment rate and median household income. Safety: Violent and property crime rates per 100,000 residents. Health: Health outcomes, behaviors, and access to care. Education: K-12 school quality, test scores, and graduation rates. Full methodology →

Key takeaways

What the Colorado numbers say when read together.

  1. 01

    Transportation is Colorado's strongest suit

    Colorado is a #18 state overall but #3 of 50 for transportation, 15 places better than its composite rank, with a score of 61.4 against a national average of 49.8. Health (#7) is next. Transportation carries 7% of the composite.

  2. 02

    Safety is where Colorado falls furthest behind

    Colorado ranks #46 of 50 for safety, 28 places below its overall #18, with a score of 50.4 against a national average of 68.9. At 12% of the composite, it is the category holding the overall score down most.

  3. 03

    Median household income is 20% above the national median

    Colorado's median household income is $97,113, 20% above the national median of $80,903, #8 of 50 (1 = highest). The largest gap in the other direction is typical home value: $532,748, 44% above the national average. Source: Census Bureau ACS, latest release.

  4. 04

    More households arrive than leave

    Colorado ranks #11 of 50 on net household flow per 1,000 residents (+1.9). The households arriving report $2,008 less in average income than those leaving ($82,532 against $84,540), so the state is trading down on income even as the headcount grows. Texas is both the largest source and the largest destination.

  5. 05

    A middle income is squeezed harder here than in most states

    A family of four earning $75,000 ends the year at a $35,330 shortfall after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transport and taxes, against a $11,758 shortfall in the median state (#43 of 50). A single adult on the same income comes out at a $25,165 surplus; a retiree couple at a $28,486 surplus. Infant childcare runs $20,978 a year, 34% above the national average.

  6. 06

    Colorado sits 4th among its 7-state neighborhood

    3 of Colorado's 6 bordering states rank above its #18; the closest match on the composite is Nebraska. Median income among them runs from $66,148 in Oklahoma to $96,658 in Utah; Colorado is at $97,113.

Editor's note

The tradeoff

+Median income of $97,113 ranks #8, and the work-from-home share is the highest in the country.

−Price to income sits at 5.5x, so a high salary buys less house than almost anywhere else in the interior West.

+Property tax at 0.49% is among the lowest in the country, a real gift to owners of expensive homes.

−Sales tax at 7.89% stacks state, city and district rates, and TABOR limits what those taxes can fund.

+Public land at 36.2% and an average commute of 25.7 minutes put trailheads inside a weekday.

−Weekend ski traffic, summer wildfire smoke and a median AQI of 42 are the parts of outdoor access the score misses.

Frequently asked questions about living in Colorado

Is Colorado a good place to live?

Colorado ranks #18 of 50 with a B+ grade, #6 of 13 in the West. It is top 10 in transportation, health, economy, and outdoor access and bottom 10 in safety. On the six headline measures it beats the national figure on 2 of 6 (income and tax burden) and trails on home prices, cost of living, violent crime, and unemployment. Whether that adds up to a good place to live depends on what you weigh; the household rankings below re-weight the same numbers for families, retirees and remote workers.

Where does Colorado rank among US states?

Colorado ranks #18 of 50 overall with a composite score of 64.7 (grade B+), and #6 of 13 states in the West. Its best category rank is #3 (transportation) and its worst #46 (safety). The composite weights eleven categories, with economy, safety, health and education counting most; grades follow rank, so B+ means rank 11–18.

Is it expensive to live in Colorado?

At #39 of 50 for cost of living (1 = cheapest), Colorado is 3% above the national average: its index is 103.1 against a national baseline of 100. The typical home value is $532,748 (44% above the national average), and buying it takes an income of about $138,758 against a median household income of $97,113. At $75,000, a family of four comes out at a $35,330 shortfall after all costs, #43 of 50 (1 = most left over).

Does Colorado have a state income tax?

Yes. Colorado's top state income tax rate is 4.4% (#17 of 50, 1 = lowest), and the total state and local tax burden is 8.73% of income, in line with the national average. Property tax is 0.49% of home value and combined sales tax 7.89%.

What is the crime rate in Colorado?

Colorado reports 422 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 29% above the national average and #43 of 50 (1 = safest), and 2,144 property crimes per 100,000, 40% above the national average (#49). Its safety score is 50.4 out of 100, #46 of 50. Figures are FBI estimates from the latest release.

Does Colorado have good schools?

Colorado is #18 of 50 for education (score 65.3 out of 100). Its public school students average 278 in eighth-grade math on NAEP (#15) and 265 in eighth-grade reading (#3), and the high school graduation rate is 82.3%, 3.3 points below the national average (#40). Among tracked cities with at least three schools, Pueblo has the highest graduation rate at 93%.

Why are people moving to Colorado?

Colorado gained a net 11,341 households in the latest IRS release: 121,390 moved in and 110,049 moved out, +1.9 per 1,000 residents (#11 of 50). The largest source of arrivals is Texas (14,923 households) and the most common destination is Texas (12,275). Arriving households report an average income of $82,532 against $84,540 for those leaving, so movers out earn more than movers in. The IRS files count tax returns and say nothing about motives.

Is Colorado a red or blue state?

Colorado leans blue: its Cook Partisan Voting Index is D+5, meaning it votes about 5 points more Democratic than the country as a whole. The political lean is shown for context and is not part of the composite score.

What are the downsides of living in Colorado?

Housing and property crime, in that order. Price to income is 5.5x (#40) and property crime is 40% above the national average. Beyond the table: foothill wildfire insurance is hard to get, hail on the plains is a routine roof claim, and the graduation rate of 82.3% is weak for a state this rich. Water is the long-term one; the Front Range imports supply from the Western Slope.

Where in Colorado should I live?

Depends on whether you need the airport. Families wanting low crime and strong districts pick Douglas County (Castle Rock, Parker, Highlands Ranch) and pay for it. Young professionals land in Denver, Arvada and Broomfield; Colorado Springs is the military middle option. Remote workers wanting a smaller city pick Fort Collins. Anyone priced out looks at Pueblo, homes under half of Boulder's, or Grand Junction.

Is Colorado a good place to retire?

Colorado ranks #16 for retirees; the case is mixed. Retirement income gets a sizable subtraction, property tax is 0.49%, and long-time owners past sixty-five can exempt part of the home's value. A retiree couple at $75,000 ends the year at a $28,486 surplus, $7,484 below the national median, since housing eats the savings. Retirees who already own do well; those buying at Front Range prices usually do not.

Does Colorado get wildfires?

Yes, and increasingly where nobody expected them. The FEMA risk index of 17.9 is 40% below the national average, which understates it: grass fires on the Front Range edge matter as much as forest fires in the high country, and insurers price foothill ZIP codes accordingly. Hail is the other insurance driver, and flash flooding in burn scars follows the fires. Tornadoes touch the eastern plains.

How is the air quality in Colorado?

Worse than the postcards suggest. The median AQI of 42 ranks #35 of 50, 8% above the national average. The Denver-Boulder-Fort Collins corridor is an ozone nonattainment area with summer alert days, and wildfire smoke from the West blankets the Front Range in late summer. Winter inversions add a brown cloud over Denver on still days. The mountains and Western Slope are cleaner most of the year.

Is Colorado cheaper than Utah?

No, on almost every line. Colorado's cost index is 103.1 against Utah's below-average figure, the typical home costs about the same in both, and Colorado's median income is higher, the one thing that closes the gap. Utah wins on electricity, natural gas, childcare and violent crime; Colorado wins on income and property tax. Colorado ranks #18 overall to Utah's place just outside the top five.

All the numbers

Every metric behind Colorado's 11 category scores, with the national figure beside each. Pick a category.

Median Household Income
$97,113
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: $80,903
Unemployment Rate
4%
BLS LAUS · Nat'l avg: 3.9%
Population Growth
+0.4%
Census, year over year · Nat'l avg: +0.5%
60.3Economy Score · National avg: 47.1
Violent Crime Rate
421.7
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 313
Property Crime Rate
2,143.6
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 1,475
50.4Safety Score · National avg: 68.9
Life Expectancy
78.5 yr
CDC NCHS · Nat'l avg: 76.9 yr
Adults With Obesity
25%
CDC BRFSS · Nat'l avg: 34%
Uninsured
7.9%
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 7.6%
75.4Health Score · National avg: 54.4
HS Graduation Rate
82.3%
EDFacts · Nat'l avg: 85.6%
NAEP Math, 8th Grade
278
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 273
NAEP Reading, 8th Grade
265
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 257
65.3Education Score · National avg: 57.5
GDP Per Capita
$75,024
BEA · Nat'l avg: $64,333
GDP Growth Rate
+2.6%
Real, year over year · Nat'l avg: +1.9%
Credit Rating
AA+
S&P / Moody's, latest
Fiscal Score
60.4
of 100 · Nat'l avg: 58.1
Budget Balance
+3.5%
Surplus · % of revenue · NASBO
State Debt Per Capita
$3,120
Census state finances · Nat'l avg: $3,506
Rainy Day Fund
13.2%
of expenditures · Pew Fiscal 50
Pension Funded Ratio
67%
Pew · Nat'l avg: 74.3%
Tax Burden
8.73%
of income · Nat'l avg: 8.74%
Income Tax Rate
4.4%
Top rate, state + local
Property Tax Rate
0.49%
Effective rate · Nat'l avg: 1.02%
Sales Tax Rate
7.89%
State + local avg · Nat'l avg: 6.66%
60.4Fiscal Health Score · National avg: 58.1
Typical Home Value
$532,748
Latest month · Nat'l avg: $383,360
Cost of Living Index
103.1
BEA Regional Price Parity · National = 100
Price-to-Income Ratio
5.5x
Home value ÷ median income · Nat'l avg: 4.6x
Electricity
15.85¢/kWh
EIA
Natural Gas
$11.17/Mcf
EIA
Gasoline
$3.13/gal
EIA
Infant Care (Center)
$20,978/yr
Child Care Aware of America
Goods Prices
98.7
BEA price level for goods · US = 100
53.1Affordability Score · National avg: 65.2
Air Quality Index
42
EPA annual median · Nat'l avg: 38.8
Renewable Energy
39%
EIA, % of electricity · Nat'l avg: 29%
Natural Disaster Risk
17.9
FEMA NRI per capita · Nat'l avg: 30
45.9Environment Score · National avg: 42.5
Public Land
36.2%
of state area · USGS PAD-US
Recreation Facilities
2.74
per 10K residents · Census CBP
Park Acreage per Capita
0.12
NPS acres per resident
44.5Outdoor Access Score · National avg: 29.4
Mean Commute Time
25.7 min
Mean travel time to work · Census ACS
60+ Min Commute
7.1%
of workers · Census ACS
Drive Alone
65.4%
of commuters · Census ACS
Public Transit Use
1.7%
of commuters · Census ACS
Walk / Bicycle
3.7%
active commuters · Census ACS
Work From Home
19.9%
of workers · Census ACS
Vehicle Miles Traveled
9,196
per capita · FHWA
Carpool Rate
8.1%
of commuters · Census ACS
61.4Transportation Score · National avg: 49.8
Restaurants per 1K
1.934
Census County Business Patterns
Arts & Entertainment
0.034
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Social Associations
0.075
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Bars & Breweries
0.147
per 1K residents · Census CBP
34.2Livability Score · National avg: 34.3
Net Domestic Migration
-2
per 1,000 residents · Nat'l avg: +1.1
Migration Trend
Stable
Roughly balanced migration
Broadband Subscription
94.9%
Households, any type · Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 92.7%
Households Moving In
121.4K
Top origin: Texas
Households Moving Out
110.0K
Top destination: Texas
31.0Growth Score · National avg: 38.8

Also consulted for the Colorado editor's notes

  • Colorado Division of Property Taxation, senior property tax exemption ↗