50
States ranked
1,312
Cities scored
49
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11
Scoring categories
America’s Dashboard

America's Dashboard ranks and scores all 50 US states and1,312 cities using real government data. Compare economy, safety, health, education, affordability, and more — free, transparent, and updated with the latest federal statistics.

Updated as each source publishes its latest release

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Data sources

Rankings are computed from publicly available federal and state government datasets, supplemented by a handful of published indexes (such as the Tax Foundation, Child Care Aware of America and Zillow Research). Figures are used as each source publishes them, including the FBI's own state crime estimates; nothing is synthetic or modeled by us, and every source is cited below.

  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS annual averages·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, estimated crimes by state·
  • CDC NCHS U.S. State Life Tables·
  • CDC BRFSS·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS (table S2701)·
  • NAEP, The Nation's Report Card·
  • EDFacts adjusted cohort graduation rate (NCES)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates·
  • Cook Political Report, PVI·
  • Tax Foundation, Facts & Figures·
  • ALEC Rich States Poor States·
  • WalletHub Tax Burden Study·
  • Zillow Research, Zillow Home Value Index·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities·
  • EPA AirData, Median AQI by County·
  • EIA State Electricity Profiles·
  • FEMA National Risk Index·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Net Domestic Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS Broadband Subscriptions·
  • National Park Service API·
  • USGS Protected Areas Database (PAD-US)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year Commuting·
  • FHWA Highway Statistics·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • EIA residential electricity prices·
  • EIA State Energy Data System, motor gasoline prices·
  • EIA Natural Gas Prices, residential·
  • Child Care Aware of America, Price & Supply·
  • Tax Foundation, State Income Tax Rates and Brackets·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities, goods·
  • NCES Common Core of Data (CCD)·
  • EDFacts ACGR Graduation Rates·
  • NCES School District Finance Survey (F-33)·
  • BEA GDP by State (SAGDP9)·
  • NASBO Fiscal Survey of States·
  • Census Bureau State Government Finances·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts Fiscal 50·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts, State Pension Funding·
  • S&P/Moody's via Ballotpedia·
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES·
  • IRS Statistics of Income, State-to-State Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS State-to-State Migration Flows·
  • Zillow Research, Home Values, Rents & Market Metrics·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, city police agency reports·
  • CDC PLACES, city health estimates·
  • NOAA U.S. Climate Normals·
  • EPA National Walkability Index
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America’s Dashboard
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Home/States/Idaho

2026 edition·West·Pop. 2,029,733·Capital Boise·43rd state, admitted 1890·Cook PVI R+20

Is Idaho a Good Place to Live? Idaho Rankings, Cost of Living, Crime & Taxes

Idaho ranks #4 of 50 with a composite score of 78.4 and an A+ grade, strongest in growth (#1) and weakest in education (#32). The median household earns $81,166 (in line with the national median), homes typically cost $478,744 (30% above the national average), and violent crime is 217 per 100,000 (34% below the national average).

Editor's verdict
The Treasure Valley took the migration, +9.9 per thousand residents, #2, and fits people who want a safe, growing, low-property-tax state with mountains at the edge of town. The trade is a price-to-income ratio of 5.9x, #43, built by buyers who sold a California house first, and schools that rank #32.
Compare Idaho with its neighbors →Best cities in Idaho →How the score works →
Composite score
78.4A+
#4 of 50 · #2 in the West
Top 10 in
Growth #1, Environment #4, Safety #5, Outdoor Access #6, Fiscal Health #9, Transportation #10
Middle of the pack
Livability #15, Health #16, Economy #19, Affordability #24, Education #32
NumbersNumbersScorecardScoresCostCostTaxesTaxesSafetySafetyJobsJobsSchools & healthSchoolsMovingMovingCitiesCitiesBest forBest forNeighborsNeighborsFAQFAQ
Top ↑

Idaho by the numbers

Six measures every state is judged on, each with Idaho's rank of 50 and the national figure beside it.

Median household income
$81,166
#21 of 50, 1 = highest · US $80,903
Typical home value
$478,744
#39 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US $368,697
Cost of living index
95.5
#23 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US 100
Violent crime per 100K
217
#11 of 50, 1 = safest · US 328
Unemployment rate
3.7%
#18 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 3.95%
Total tax burden
7.54%
#10 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 8.74%

Sources, latest releases: Census Bureau ACS (income), Zillow Research (home value), BEA Regional Price Parities (cost index), FBI state crime estimates (crime), BLS LAUS (unemployment), WalletHub tax burden study (taxes). Rank 1 is the best value in each measure: highest income, lowest cost, lowest crime.

→Read the Idaho overview

Idaho scores above the national average in 10 of 11 categories and ranks #2 of 13 states in the West, behind 1 regional neighbor. Its biggest edge over the country is violent crime rate (217, 34% below the national average); its biggest shortfall is typical home value ($478,744, 30% above the national average). With 6 top-10 finishes and no bottom-10 category, its weaknesses are relative, not absolute.

What stands out
  • Net domestic migration of +9.9 per thousand residents, #2 nationally, with California sending the most; arrivals report $81,248 against $64,061 for those leaving.
  • Hydropower keeps electricity at 11.82 cents per kWh, #2 cheapest, while gasoline at $3.35 per gallon is #39: the cheap bill is the house, not the truck.
  • Public land is 62.5% of the state, #3, part of why private land around Boise and Coeur d'Alene costs what it does.

Where does Idaho rank in each category?

All 11 categories that make up the composite, heaviest weight first. Idaho is top 10 in 6 and bottom 10 in 0.

CategoryScoreRankGradeWeightUS avgThe numbers behind it
Economy50.9#19 of 50B15%47.1Its unemployment rate is 3.7% and median household income is $81,166.
Safety86.6#5 of 50A+12%68.9The FBI estimates 217.3 violent crimes and 605 property crimes per 100,000 residents.
Health61.9#16 of 50B+12%54.4Life expectancy is 78.4 years, 32.7% of adults have obesity, and 9.2% of residents are uninsured.
Education55.2#32 of 50C+12%57.5Eighth graders average 278 in NAEP math and 261 in reading, and the high school graduation rate is 79.9%.
Affordability72.1#24 of 50B10%65.2Typical home value $478,744 (5.9x median income); cost of living index 95.5 (100 = US); center-based infant care $10,887 a year.
Fiscal Health71.0#9 of 50A8%58.1It carries $1,580 of debt per resident, has 91% of pensions funded, and holds a AA+ credit rating.
Growth72.6#1 of 50A+7%38.8Population grew 1.44% last year; Census net domestic migration is +9.9 per 1,000 residents (the Moving section below uses IRS household counts, a different series).
Transportation55.8#10 of 50A7%49.8The average commute is 22.2 minutes, 0.5% of workers use public transit, and 12.7% work from home.
Livability39.6#15 of 50B+7%34.3It has 1.64 restaurants and 0.023 arts venues per 1,000 residents, plus 0.178 bars and 0.059 social associations per 1,000.
Outdoor Access50.2#6 of 50A6%29.462.5% of its land is public, with 2.85 recreation facilities per 10,000 residents.
Environment70.0#4 of 50A+4%42.5Its median air quality index is 34, 70% of its electricity is renewable, and its FEMA disaster risk score is 21.7.

Weight, US average and the evidence sentence for each category are shown on wider screens.

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. US avg is the mean score of the 50 states. Click a category for its 50-state ranking.

Category shape

Idaho's 11 category scores. A balanced state fills the wheel evenly; Idaho bulges toward growth and dips at education.

How expensive is Idaho?

Idaho's cost of living index is 95.5 against a national baseline of 100, 5% below the national average and #23 of 50 (1 = cheapest). The typical home is worth $478,744 (30% above the national average); buying it takes an income of about $118,073, $36,907 more than the median household earns. Inside the state the spread is wide: among tracked cities, Pocatello is cheapest (index 88.9) and Star priciest (98.4).

Housing market snapshot · August

Warm market
Typical home value
$478,744
+2.0% in 1 yr · +6.2% in 5 yr · national $369K
Mortgage payment
$2,463/mo
P&I, 20% down, current rates
Income needed
$118K
median earns $81K (+46%)
Rent, Boise City
$1,919/mo
renting cheaper by $620 vs. a $2,539 metro payment
Price cuts · days
28% · 51
national 26% · 53 days

Ranked #12 of 50 most expensive by typical value and #41 on price relative to income (1 = most affordable). The median household is $36,907 short of the income needed to buy the typical home.

Full Idaho housing market: 26-year chart, rent vs. buy, cities →

What a household keeps at $75,000

HouseholdIdahoMedian stateRank
Family of fourTwo adults, two kids, one in daycare−$11,891−$11,758#26 of 50
Single adultOne-bedroom rent, no childcare+$26,637+$31,418#37 of 50
Retiree coupleOwn the home, no payroll tax+$30,814+$35,970#36 of 50

Take-home pay minus housing, childcare, utilities, groceries and transport for a $75,000 household, from the affordability engine. Positive = money left over; negative = costs exceed take-home. Rank 1 = most left over.

Electricity price
11.82¢/kWh
#2 of 50 · US 17.84¢/kWh
Natural gas price
$7.69/Mcf
#1 of 50 · US $15.83/Mcf
Gasoline price
$3.35/gal
#39 of 50 · US $3.32/gal
Price level for goods
96.3
#21 of 50 · US 100
Center-based infant care, per year
$10,887
#7 of 50 · US $15,633
Editor's note

Pocatello, Twin Falls and Lewiston are what the cost index of 95.5 (5% below the national average) describes, not the Treasure Valley or the Panhandle. Eagle, Meridian and Star price like Portland suburbs; Coeur d'Alene and Hayden price above Spokane. Groceries carry the full sales tax, offset by a per-person credit that newcomers forget to claim. The commute from Kuna or Caldwell into Boise is where a cheap house costs you back. On $75,000, a family of four comes out at a $11,891 shortfall and a single adult at a $26,637 surplus.

  • Run your own budget for Idaho →
  • Idaho housing market →
  • Housing rankings →

What are taxes like in Idaho?

Idaho's tax mix is low property tax, with income and sales taxes in the middle of the pack. The total state and local tax burden comes to 7.54% of income, 1.2 points below the national average (#10 of 50, 1 = lightest). Property tax is 0.56% of home value (#10), and combined sales tax averages 6.03% (#14).

Total tax burden
7.54%
#10 of 50 · US 8.74%
Top income tax rate
5.7%
#27 of 50 · US avg 5.46%
Effective property tax
0.56%
#10 of 50 · US 1.02%
Combined sales tax
6.03%
#14 of 50 · US 6.66%

Tax Foundation (rates) and WalletHub tax burden study (burden as a share of income), latest releases. Rank 1 = lowest. Income tax is the top marginal rate including typical local taxes where they apply.

Can the state pay its bills?

Credit rating
AA+
S&P / Moody's
Rainy-day fund
14.8%
of spending · #9 of 50
Pensions funded
91%
of obligations · #6 of 50
Debt per resident
$1,580
state debt · #4 of 50

Fiscal health scores 71 out of 100, #9 of 50. Pew Fiscal 50, Census state finances and the rating agencies, latest releases.

Editor's note

The mix is low property tax, with income and sales taxes in the middle of the pack: a flat income tax of 5.7%, sales tax of 6.03% that applies to groceries, and property tax of 0.56%, #10 lowest. For a homeowner, the homeowner's exemption knocks a large share off a primary residence's assessed value; second homes and rentals pay full freight. For a retiree, Social Security is not taxed but most pension income is. For a high earner, Idaho sits between Washington, with no income tax, and Oregon, with no sales tax, taking a bit of both.

  • Fiscal health rankings →
  • Best states for retirees →

Is Idaho safe?

Idaho reports 217 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 34% below the national average and #11 of 50 (1 = safest). Property crime runs 605 per 100,000, 61% below the national average (#1 of 50). The safety score is 86.6 out of 100, #5 of 50; among tracked cities, Moscow has the lowest violent crime rate.

Idaho vs. the United States, per 100,000 residents

Violent crime#11 of 50
ID
217
US
328
Property crime#1 of 50
ID
605
US
1,535

FBI state crime estimates, latest release. US is the mean of the 50 states; blue = below it, terracotta = above it. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because their latest year is based on limited data.

Safest tracked cities in Idaho

CityPopulationViolent / 100KProperty / 100K
Meridian130,138137408
Coeur d'Alene56,447235683
Boise237,242289851
Idaho Falls67,725301960
Nampa110,319310675

Lowest violent crime among the 20 Idaho cities we track with 50,000 or more residents. City rates come from each city's police agency and are not strictly comparable across agencies.

Editor's note

Violent crime is 217 per hundred thousand, 34% below the national average, and property crime is 61% below the national average, #1; Idaho is one of the safer states even in its cities. Moscow, the university town on the Palouse, is the safest tracked city, with Rexburg close behind. The higher tracked rates are Caldwell, Twin Falls and Nampa, the working end of the Treasure and Magic valleys, and only Caldwell and Nampa run above the national figure.

  • Safety rankings →
  • Best states for families →

What is the job market like in Idaho?

Idaho's unemployment rate is 3.7%, 0.3 points below the national average and #18 of 50 (1 = lowest), and the median household earns $81,166, in line with the national median. Real GDP grew +3% in the latest year (#8 of 50) and GDP per capita is $50,766, 21% below the national average. The population is growing 1.44% a year, 0.9 points above the national average. The economy score is 50.9 out of 100, #19 of 50.

Median household income
$81,166
#21 of 50 · US $80,903
Unemployment rate
3.7%
#18 of 50 · US 3.95%
GDP per capita
$50,766
#46 of 50 · US $64,333
Real GDP growth
+3%
#8 of 50 · US +1.91%
Population growth
+1.44%
#2 of 50 · US +0.51%

Census Bureau ACS (income), BLS LAUS (unemployment), BEA (GDP), Census population estimates (growth), latest releases.

Highest-paying tracked occupations in Idaho, adjusted for cost of living

OccupationCost-adjustedMedian wageMetro
Family Medicine Physicians$211,918$192,845Boise City
Lawyers$145,444$132,354Boise City
Software Developers$135,305$123,128Boise City
General & Operations Managers$100,669$91,609Boise City
Computer Systems Analysts$100,132$91,120Boise City

BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release, for the 20 occupations we track. Cost-adjusted wage divides the metro median by its cost of living index.

Editor's note

Boise runs on Micron, state government, St. Luke's and a tech and services cluster; Meridian and Nampa are its job suburbs. Idaho Falls has the Idaho National Laboratory. The Magic Valley is dairy and food processing; Lewiston has the paper mill and inland port; Coeur d'Alene shares Spokane's labor market. Unemployment is 3.7%, 0.3 points below the national average, real GDP grew +3%, #8, but GDP per capita of $50,766 is #46: lots of jobs, modest pay. Among tracked metros, the highest cost-adjusted wage is $192,845 for family medicine physicians in Boise City.

  • Economy rankings →
  • Wages by occupation and metro →

How are Idaho's schools and healthcare?

Idaho's education score is 55.2 out of 100, #32 of 50. Eighth graders average 278 in NAEP math (#14 of 50) and 261 in reading (#9 of 50), and the high school graduation rate is 79.9%, 5.7 points below the national average (#47 of 50).

Education score
55.2
#32 of 50 · US 57.5
Graduation rate
79.9%
#47 of 50 · US 85.6%
NAEP math, grade 8
278
#14 of 50 · US 273 · grade 4: 238
NAEP reading, grade 8
261
#9 of 50 · US 257 · grade 4: 216

Best public school cities we track, by graduation rate

CityGrad rateStudents / teacherPer pupil
Coeur d'Alene92%18.3$10,689
Pocatello91%19.6$9,868
Chubbuck91%20.1$8,426

NCES Common Core of Data and School District Finance Survey, latest release. Cities with at least three schools.

Editor's note

Education ranks #32 because the graduation rate is 79.9%, #47; eighth-grade reading scores, #9, are the better half. Per-pupil spending is among the country's lowest. Coeur d'Alene has the top tracked graduation rate, with Chubbuck, Pocatello, Lewiston and Rexburg close behind; the Treasure Valley's fast-growing districts run lower. Districts lean on voter-approved supplemental levies, so quality tracks the wealth and mood of a district's voters.

  • Education rankings →

Idaho is #16 of 50 for health, with a life expectancy of 78.4 years, 1.5 years above the national average. 32.7% of adults have obesity (#18 of 50) and 9.2% of residents have no health insurance (#38 of 50). The health score is 61.9 out of 100, weighted 12% of the composite.

Health score
61.9
#16 of 50 · US 54.4
Life expectancy
78.4 years
#12 of 50 · US 76.9 years
Adults with obesity
32.7%
#18 of 50 · US 34%
Uninsured
9.2%
#38 of 50 · US 7.6%

CDC National Center for Health Statistics (state life tables), CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (obesity), and Census Bureau American Community Survey (health insurance), latest releases.

Editor's note

Health ranks #16 and life expectancy is 78.4 years, 1.5 years above the national average, helped by a population that smokes and drinks less than average. Access is the issue: 9.2% lack insurance, and Idaho has one of the lowest physician-to-resident ratios, and the Treasure Valley's growth outran its clinics. Outside the five largest metros, care means a critical-access hospital and a drive. Smoke and inversions foul the valleys' air for weeks.

  • Health rankings →

Who is moving to Idaho, and who is leaving?

Idaho gained a net 5,811 households from other states in the latest IRS release: 35,831 moved in and 30,020 moved out, +2.9 per 1,000 residents (#5 of 50). Arriving households report an average income of $81,248 against $64,061 for those leaving. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, which counts people rather than households, shows a net +12.3K people (72.4K in, 60.1K out, ±8.9K), consistent with the IRS direction.

Households moving in
35,831
top origin California
Households moving out
30,020
top destination Washington
Net per 1,000 residents
+2.9
#5 of 50 · +5,811 households
Avg income, arrivals
$81,248
leavers $64,061 · arrivals earn more

Where they come from

  1. 1California7,907 · $103,714
  2. 2Washington6,151 · $85,287
  3. 3Oregon3,156 · $73,292
  4. 4Utah3,137 · $64,258
  5. 5Arizona1,702 · $70,961

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households arrived from these states in the latest IRS release.

Where they go

  1. 1Washington5,146 · $61,517
  2. 2Utah3,531 · $52,812
  3. 3California3,092 · $82,886
  4. 4Oregon2,534 · $56,060
  5. 5Arizona1,745 · $69,942

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households left for these states in the latest IRS release.

Editor's note

35,831 households arrived and 30,020 left, a net gain of +5,811, +2.9 per thousand, #5. California sends the most and Washington takes the most: arrivals report $81,248, leavers $64,061. That is consistent with equity buyers from the coast landing in Eagle, Meridian and Coeur d'Alene, and younger Idahoans leaving for Seattle and Salt Lake wages. For a mover, the competition is a cash offer, not a local bid.

  • All Idaho migration flows →
  • State-by-state migration →

Where should you live in Idaho?

By composite score, the best of the 20 Idaho cities we track are Meridian (64.7), Boise (64.4), and Eagle (62.6). Pocatello is the cheapest (cost index 88.9), Eagle the richest ($122,894), and Star the fastest growing (+14.8% a year). City ranks are among the 20 Idaho cities we cover, not every city in the state.

Standout cities in Idaho

Best forCityMeasure
SafestMoscow37 violent crimes per 100K
CheapestPocatellocost of living index 88.9
Most walkableBoisewalkability 13.6 of 20
Cleanest airIdaho Fallsmedian AQI 22 (county)
Best schoolsCoeur d'Alene92% graduation rate
RichestEagle$122,894

Among the 20 Idaho cities we track. Safest uses a full year of FBI reports from the city's own police agency; air quality is measured by county, so cities in the same county share a reading.

Editor's note

Regions of Idaho

Treasure Valley

Boise, Meridian, Nampa, Caldwell, Eagle, Kuna and Star, plus Mountain Home's air base: most of the state's people and growth; the priciest houses, longest commutes, smoke and inversions.

BoiseMeridianNampaCaldwellEagleKunaStarMountain Home
North Idaho (the Panhandle)

Coeur d'Alene, Post Falls and Hayden on the lake, on Pacific time and in Spokane's orbit: wetter, greener, with the top tracked schools and prices set by Washington buyers.

Coeur d'AlenePost FallsHayden
The Palouse and the Lewis-Clark Valley

Moscow's university and Lewiston's mill and port: rolling wheat country, the safest and the cheapest tracked cities, and a shrinking population in Lewiston.

MoscowLewiston
Eastern Idaho (Idaho Falls, Pocatello, Rexburg)

Idaho Falls and the national laboratory, Pocatello's university, Rexburg's church college: high desert, cold winters, cheaper houses, and a strong Latter-day Saint presence.

Idaho FallsAmmonPocatelloChubbuckRexburg
Magic Valley

Twin Falls and Jerome on the Snake River canyon: dairies, food plants and farm labor, cheap houses, hot summers, and the weakest tracked schools in Jerome.

Twin FallsJerome

All 20 tracked cities, best to worst

#CityGradeScorePopulationIncomeViolent / 100KCost index
1Meridian
A
64.7130,138$100,79513798.4
2Boise
A
64.4237,242$83,90428998.4
3Eagle
B+
62.632,855$122,894—98.4
4Star
B+
60.514,745$97,936—98.4
5Moscow
B+
60.326,286$57,0223791.9
6Coeur d'Alene
B+
59.956,447$72,33823598.3
7Kuna
B+
59.927,158$96,219—98.4
8Idaho Falls
B+
59.067,725$73,11030194.4
9Nampa
B
58.6110,319$74,27931098.4
10Lewiston
B
58.334,651$72,19717591.2
11Post Falls
B
58.043,391$82,18316898.3
12Caldwell
B
57.366,516$73,05848298.4
13Twin Falls
B
56.354,164$61,20535992.1
14Chubbuck
B
56.316,126$82,97728088.9
15Hayden
B
55.916,338$82,958—98.3
16Pocatello
C+
55.157,635$60,41833188.9
17Rexburg
C+
54.940,543$50,6174991.9
18Ammon
C
52.219,064$86,121—94.4
19Jerome
C
50.412,930$66,89435692.1
20Mountain Home
D
48.016,493$63,12519391.9

Swipe the table sideways for more columns. Rank is among the 20 Idaho cities we track: every city of 50,000 or more, plus the state's other largest places. City scores use city-level Census, FBI, BLS, CDC, EPA and NCES data, and a category with no city data is left out of the score rather than filled with the state's figure.

Best cities in Idaho for…

#CityScoreEducationSafetyAffordability
1Boise67.3—82.460.6
2Moscow67.253.895.575.3
3Meridian64.140.394.554.3
4Coeur d'Alene63.051.087.060.5
5Lewiston62.557.185.976.3
All Idaho cities for families →Best states for families →
  • All 1,312 cities →

Who is Idaho best for?

The same 11 category scores, re-weighted for six kinds of household. Rank is among the 50 states; click through for the best Idaho cities for each.

Families
#7of 50
Best Idaho cities →
Retirees
#2of 50
Best Idaho cities →
Remote Workers
#3of 50
Best Idaho cities →
Young Professionals
#2of 50
Best Idaho cities →
Small Business
#2of 50
Best Idaho cities →
Outdoor Enthusiasts
#4of 50
Best Idaho cities →
Idaho fits
  • Retirees selling a coastal house: #2 for retirees, Social Security untaxed by the state, and a retiree couple on $75,000 comes out at a $30,814 surplus.
  • Young professionals in tech or health care in Boise: #2 for young professionals, unemployment at 3.7%.
  • Outdoor people who want a city too: outdoor access ranks #6 and public land is 62.5% of the state, much of it an hour from Boise.
Idaho does not fit
  • Local-wage buyers in the Treasure Valley: price to income is 5.9x, #43, and median income is $81,166.
  • Families who want strong public schools by default: education ranks #32 and the graduation rate is 79.9%, #47.
  • Anyone who needs transit: 0.5% of commuters use it, and Boise's bus system does not reach the suburbs where people live.

Weights differ by household: families lean on education, safety and housing; retirees on fiscal health, healthcare and cost. See the weights →

How does Idaho compare with its neighbors?

Idaho ranks #4. Among its bordering states, Wyoming ranks highest (#2) and Nevada lowest (#40). Wyoming is the most similar on the composite score and Nevada the most different. Bordering states are listed best to worst; the national line is the mean of the 50 states.

StateOverallScoreMedian incomeTypical homeCost indexViolent crimeTax burdenCompare
Idaho#478.4$81,166$478,74495.52177.54%
Wyoming#279.9$75,532$371,85492.71805.79%Compare →
Utah#675.4$96,658$534,58298.92369.46%Compare →
Montana#775.0$75,340$471,74694.64197.87%Compare →
Washington#2061.8$99,389$591,8791072848.61%Compare →
Oregon#3550.9$85,220$496,113103.43119.06%Compare →
Nevada#4045.8$81,134$442,0271003798.62%Compare →
United States—57.9$80,903$368,6971003288.74%

Overall rank, median income, cost index and tax burden columns are shown on wider screens.

People also compare
Idaho vs. California →
Other West states
  • Hawaii#17
  • Colorado#18
  • Arizona#38
  • Alaska#42
  • California#47
  • New Mexico#49
Editor's note

Washington is the comparison: Washington has no income tax and Idaho does, but Idaho's property tax and cost of living are lower, and Coeur d'Alene and Post Falls fill with Spokane workers who crossed the line. Oregon is the same story from the Ontario side: no sales tax there, cheaper houses here.

  • Compare Idaho with any state →

How the score works

Eleven categories, each scored 0–100 and weighted into one composite. Grades follow rank.

The weights

Economy 15% · Safety 12% · Health 12% · Education 12% · Affordability 10% · Fiscal Health 8% · Growth 7% · Transportation 7% · Livability 7% · Outdoor Access 6% · Environment 4%. The composite is the weighted sum, stretched linearly so states spread across most of the 0–100 range.

From raw numbers to scores

Every raw measure is placed on a 0–100 scale between a fixed floor and ceiling, inverted where lower is better (crime, cost, taxes), then combined within its category. The same scale applies to every state.

Letter grades

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. A C+ state is not failing; it is in the middle third.

Cities, budgets and neighbors

The 20 Idaho city scores, the household budgets and the neighbor table on this page are computed from the same sources as the state score. City ranks are among the cities we track, not all cities in the state.

Editor's notes

Passages marked as editor's notes are written for this state and add context the numbers cannot: regions, tradeoffs, who the state fits. Every figure inside them is pulled from the data at build time, so the words cannot drift from the numbers.

Always the latest release

Each source is the most recent release its agency has published. The page is rebuilt when a source updates, so the score can move without any change in the state itself.

What the score cannot tell you

Weather and climate, culture and pace, politics beyond the Cook index shown for context, the quality of a specific school, hospital or neighborhood, job prospects in your field, and anything without a public, comparable, 50-state source. Statewide averages also hide the metro-versus-rural split, which is why the editor's notes name places.

Category briefs

Economy: Unemployment rate and median household income. Safety: Violent and property crime rates per 100,000 residents. Health: Health outcomes, behaviors, and access to care. Education: K-12 school quality, test scores, and graduation rates. Full methodology →

Key takeaways

What the Idaho numbers say when read together.

  1. 01

    Growth is Idaho's strongest suit

    Idaho is a #4 state overall but #1 of 50 for growth, 3 places better than its composite rank, with a score of 72.6 against a national average of 38.8. Environment (#4) is next. Growth carries 7% of the composite.

  2. 02

    Education is where Idaho falls furthest behind

    Idaho ranks #32 of 50 for education, 28 places below its overall #4, with a score of 55.2 against a national average of 57.5. At 12% of the composite, it is the category holding the overall score down most.

  3. 03

    Violent crime rate is 34% below the national average

    Idaho's violent crime rate is 217, 34% below the national average of 328, #11 of 50 (1 = safest). The largest gap in the other direction is typical home value: $478,744, 30% above the national average. Source: FBI estimates, latest release.

  4. 04

    More households arrive than leave

    Idaho ranks #5 of 50 on net household flow per 1,000 residents (+2.9). The households arriving report $17,187 more in average income than those leaving ($81,248 against $64,061), so the state is trading up on income even as the headcount grows. The largest source is California; the largest destination is Washington.

  5. 05

    A middle income is squeezed harder here than in most states

    A family of four earning $75,000 ends the year at a $11,891 shortfall after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transport and taxes, against a $11,758 shortfall in the median state (#26 of 50). A single adult on the same income comes out at a $26,637 surplus; a retiree couple at a $30,814 surplus. Infant childcare runs $10,887 a year, 30% below the national average.

  6. 06

    Idaho sits 2nd among its 7-state neighborhood

    1 of Idaho's 6 bordering states ranks above its #4; the closest match on the composite is Wyoming. Median income among them runs from $75,340 in Montana to $99,389 in Washington; Idaho is at $81,166.

Editor's note

The tradeoff

+Property tax of 0.56%, #10 lowest, with a homeowner's exemption on a primary residence.

−Buying the typical home at $478,744 takes an income of $118,073 against a median of $81,166.

+Violent crime runs 217 per hundred thousand, 34% below the national average, and safety ranks #5.

−Schools rank #32, and the graduation rate of 79.9% sits 5.7 points below the national average.

+Electricity at 11.82 cents per kWh, #2 cheapest, and infant childcare at $10,887, 30% below the national average.

−Gasoline at $3.35 per gallon, #39, and commutes from Kuna and Caldwell into Boise that eat the savings.

Frequently asked questions about living in Idaho

Is Idaho a good place to live?

Idaho ranks #4 of 50 with an A+ grade, #2 of 13 in the West. It is top 10 in growth, environment, safety, outdoor access, fiscal health, and transportation. On the six headline measures it beats the national figure on 5 of 6 (income, cost of living, violent crime, unemployment, and tax burden) and trails on home prices. Whether that adds up to a good place to live depends on what you weigh; the household rankings below re-weight the same numbers for families, retirees and remote workers.

Where does Idaho rank among US states?

Idaho ranks #4 of 50 overall with a composite score of 78.4 (grade A+), and #2 of 13 states in the West. Its best category rank is #1 (growth) and its worst #32 (education). The composite weights eleven categories, with economy, safety, health and education counting most; grades follow rank, so A+ means rank 1–5.

Is it expensive to live in Idaho?

At #23 of 50 for cost of living (1 = cheapest), Idaho is 5% below the national average: its index is 95.5 against a national baseline of 100. The typical home value is $478,744 (30% above the national average), and buying it takes an income of about $118,073 against a median household income of $81,166. At $75,000, a family of four comes out at a $11,891 shortfall after all costs, #26 of 50 (1 = most left over).

Does Idaho have a state income tax?

Yes. Idaho's top state income tax rate is 5.7% (#27 of 50, 1 = lowest), and the total state and local tax burden is 7.54% of income, 1.2 points below the national average. Property tax is 0.56% of home value and combined sales tax 6.03%.

What is the crime rate in Idaho?

Idaho reports 217 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 34% below the national average and #11 of 50 (1 = safest), and 605 property crimes per 100,000, 61% below the national average (#1). Its safety score is 86.6 out of 100, #5 of 50. Figures are FBI estimates from the latest release.

Does Idaho have good schools?

Idaho is #32 of 50 for education (score 55.2 out of 100). Its public school students average 278 in eighth-grade math on NAEP (#14) and 261 in eighth-grade reading (#9), and the high school graduation rate is 79.9%, 5.7 points below the national average (#47). Among tracked cities with at least three schools, Coeur d'Alene has the highest graduation rate at 92%.

Why are people moving to Idaho?

Idaho gained a net 5,811 households in the latest IRS release: 35,831 moved in and 30,020 moved out, +2.9 per 1,000 residents (#5 of 50). The largest source of arrivals is California (7,907 households) and the most common destination is Washington (5,146). Arriving households report an average income of $81,248 against $64,061 for those leaving, so movers in earn more than movers out. The IRS files count tax returns and say nothing about motives.

Is Idaho a red or blue state?

Idaho is a solidly red state: its Cook Partisan Voting Index is R+20, meaning it votes about 20 points more Republican than the country as a whole. The political lean is shown for context and is not part of the composite score.

Why is housing so expensive in Idaho?

A small state got a big state's migration, and most of it wanted the same valley. Net migration is +9.9 per thousand, #2, and arrivals report $81,248 against $64,061 for leavers; many sold a California or Washington house and paid cash. Public land is 62.5% of the state, so buildable land near Boise and Coeur d'Alene is scarce. Pocatello and Lewiston skipped most of it.

Is Idaho a good place to raise a family?

Depends on what you weigh. The safety case is strong: violent crime 34% below the national average, childcare at $10,887, #7 cheapest, and a family of four on $75,000 comes out at a $11,891 shortfall, near the national median. The school case is weaker: education ranks #32, though families still rank #7. In the Treasure Valley, pick the district and expect a levy vote.

Do I need a car in Idaho?

Yes, everywhere. 0.5% of commuters use transit; Boise's buses cover the core and little of Meridian, Nampa or Kuna, where the growth went. The mean commute is 22.2 minutes, but that averages the college towns with Kuna's long drive into Boise. Gasoline is $3.35 per gallon, #39 cheapest, which is the tax on living in a cheaper suburb.

What should I know about Idaho's culture before moving?

Two things newcomers notice. First, the state is not one culture: the Panhandle runs on Pacific time and looks to Spokane, the Treasure Valley changes fastest, and eastern Idaho around Rexburg and Idaho Falls has a large Latter-day Saint population. Second, growth itself is the argument; longtime residents watched price to income reach 5.9x, and a newcomer with California plates will hear about it.

How is the air quality in Idaho?

Good most of the year, with an index of 34, #6 cleanest, and bad for a few weeks. Wildfire smoke from Idaho, Oregon and Washington settles into the Treasure Valley and Panhandle in late summer. Boise gets winter inversions that trap pollution under a lid for days, and the Magic Valley adds dust and dairy odor. Smoke-sensitive households should plan on an air purifier.

Is Idaho tax-friendly for retirees?

Middling, and the housing matters more than the tax code. Social Security is not taxed, most pension income is at a flat 5.7%, and property tax at 0.56% is #10 lowest, with a homeowner's exemption and a reduction program for lower-income seniors. A retiree couple on $75,000 comes out at a $30,814 surplus, #36, because the house costs so much; the state still ranks #2 for retirees.

All the numbers

Every metric behind Idaho's 11 category scores, with the national figure beside each. Pick a category.

Median Household Income
$81,166
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: $80,903
Unemployment Rate
3.7%
BLS LAUS · Nat'l avg: 3.9%
Population Growth
+1.44%
Census, year over year · Nat'l avg: +0.5%
50.9Economy Score · National avg: 47.1
Violent Crime Rate
217.3
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 313
Property Crime Rate
605
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 1,475
86.6Safety Score · National avg: 68.9
Life Expectancy
78.4 yr
CDC NCHS · Nat'l avg: 76.9 yr
Adults With Obesity
32.7%
CDC BRFSS · Nat'l avg: 34%
Uninsured
9.2%
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 7.6%
61.9Health Score · National avg: 54.4
HS Graduation Rate
79.9%
EDFacts · Nat'l avg: 85.6%
NAEP Math, 8th Grade
278
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 273
NAEP Reading, 8th Grade
261
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 257
55.2Education Score · National avg: 57.5
GDP Per Capita
$50,766
BEA · Nat'l avg: $64,333
GDP Growth Rate
+3%
Real, year over year · Nat'l avg: +1.9%
Credit Rating
AA+
S&P / Moody's, latest
Fiscal Score
71.0
of 100 · Nat'l avg: 58.1
Budget Balance
+7.5%
Surplus · % of revenue · NASBO
State Debt Per Capita
$1,580
Census state finances · Nat'l avg: $3,506
Rainy Day Fund
14.8%
of expenditures · Pew Fiscal 50
Pension Funded Ratio
91%
Pew · Nat'l avg: 74.3%
Tax Burden
7.54%
of income · Nat'l avg: 8.74%
Income Tax Rate
5.7%
Top rate, state + local
Property Tax Rate
0.56%
Effective rate · Nat'l avg: 1.02%
Sales Tax Rate
6.03%
State + local avg · Nat'l avg: 6.66%
71.0Fiscal Health Score · National avg: 58.1
Typical Home Value
$478,744
Latest month · Nat'l avg: $383,360
Cost of Living Index
95.5
BEA Regional Price Parity · National = 100
Price-to-Income Ratio
5.9x
Home value ÷ median income · Nat'l avg: 4.6x
Electricity
11.82¢/kWh
EIA
Natural Gas
$7.69/Mcf
EIA
Gasoline
$3.35/gal
EIA
Infant Care (Center)
$10,887/yr
Child Care Aware of America
Goods Prices
96.3
BEA price level for goods · US = 100
72.1Affordability Score · National avg: 65.2
Air Quality Index
34
EPA annual median · Nat'l avg: 38.8
Renewable Energy
70%
EIA, % of electricity · Nat'l avg: 29%
Natural Disaster Risk
21.7
FEMA NRI per capita · Nat'l avg: 30
70.0Environment Score · National avg: 42.5
Public Land
62.5%
of state area · USGS PAD-US
Recreation Facilities
2.85
per 10K residents · Census CBP
Park Acreage per Capita
0.4
NPS acres per resident
50.2Outdoor Access Score · National avg: 29.4
Mean Commute Time
22.2 min
Mean travel time to work · Census ACS
60+ Min Commute
5.6%
of workers · Census ACS
Drive Alone
72.9%
of commuters · Census ACS
Public Transit Use
0.5%
of commuters · Census ACS
Walk / Bicycle
3.2%
active commuters · Census ACS
Work From Home
12.7%
of workers · Census ACS
Vehicle Miles Traveled
10,019
per capita · FHWA
Carpool Rate
9.4%
of commuters · Census ACS
55.8Transportation Score · National avg: 49.8
Restaurants per 1K
1.64
Census County Business Patterns
Arts & Entertainment
0.023
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Social Associations
0.059
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Bars & Breweries
0.178
per 1K residents · Census CBP
39.6Livability Score · National avg: 34.3
Net Domestic Migration
+9.9
per 1,000 residents · Nat'l avg: +1.1
Migration Trend
Gaining
More people moving in than out
Broadband Subscription
92.8%
Households, any type · Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 92.7%
Households Moving In
35.8K
Top origin: California
Households Moving Out
30.0K
Top destination: Washington
72.6Growth Score · National avg: 38.8

Also consulted for the Idaho editor's notes

  • Idaho State Tax Commission, Idaho Food Tax Credit (sales tax on groceries offset by a per-person credit) ↗
  • Idaho State Tax Commission, Property Tax Reduction program (age, income and homeowner's exemption requirements) ↗