50
States ranked
1,312
Cities scored
49
Data sources
11
Scoring categories
America’s Dashboard

America's Dashboard ranks and scores all 50 US states and1,312 cities using real government data. Compare economy, safety, health, education, affordability, and more — free, transparent, and updated with the latest federal statistics.

Updated as each source publishes its latest release

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Data sources

Rankings are computed from publicly available federal and state government datasets, supplemented by a handful of published indexes (such as the Tax Foundation, Child Care Aware of America and Zillow Research). Figures are used as each source publishes them, including the FBI's own state crime estimates; nothing is synthetic or modeled by us, and every source is cited below.

  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS annual averages·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, estimated crimes by state·
  • CDC NCHS U.S. State Life Tables·
  • CDC BRFSS·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS (table S2701)·
  • NAEP, The Nation's Report Card·
  • EDFacts adjusted cohort graduation rate (NCES)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates·
  • Cook Political Report, PVI·
  • Tax Foundation, Facts & Figures·
  • ALEC Rich States Poor States·
  • WalletHub Tax Burden Study·
  • Zillow Research, Zillow Home Value Index·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities·
  • EPA AirData, Median AQI by County·
  • EIA State Electricity Profiles·
  • FEMA National Risk Index·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Net Domestic Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS Broadband Subscriptions·
  • National Park Service API·
  • USGS Protected Areas Database (PAD-US)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year Commuting·
  • FHWA Highway Statistics·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • EIA residential electricity prices·
  • EIA State Energy Data System, motor gasoline prices·
  • EIA Natural Gas Prices, residential·
  • Child Care Aware of America, Price & Supply·
  • Tax Foundation, State Income Tax Rates and Brackets·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities, goods·
  • NCES Common Core of Data (CCD)·
  • EDFacts ACGR Graduation Rates·
  • NCES School District Finance Survey (F-33)·
  • BEA GDP by State (SAGDP9)·
  • NASBO Fiscal Survey of States·
  • Census Bureau State Government Finances·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts Fiscal 50·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts, State Pension Funding·
  • S&P/Moody's via Ballotpedia·
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES·
  • IRS Statistics of Income, State-to-State Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS State-to-State Migration Flows·
  • Zillow Research, Home Values, Rents & Market Metrics·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, city police agency reports·
  • CDC PLACES, city health estimates·
  • NOAA U.S. Climate Normals·
  • EPA National Walkability Index
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America’s Dashboard
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Home/States/Arizona

2026 edition·West·Pop. 7,623,818·Capital Phoenix·48th state, admitted 1912·Cook PVI Even

Is Arizona a Good Place to Live? Arizona Rankings, Cost of Living, Crime & Taxes

Arizona ranks #38 of 50 with a composite score of 47.8 and a C grade, strongest in growth (#16) and weakest in education (#47). The median household earns $81,486 (1% above the national median), homes typically cost $417,990 (13% above the national average), and violent crime is 378 per 100,000 (15% above the national average).

Editor's verdict
Heat and water should have slowed Arizona, and they have not: population grows +0.89% a year, #8, nearly all of it in Phoenix suburbs where new groundwater-only subdivisions are no longer approved. The price of a flat 2.5% income tax is a school system ranked #47 and a graduation rate 8.3 points below the national average.
Compare Arizona with its neighbors →Best cities in Arizona →How the score works →
Composite score
47.8C
#38 of 50 · #9 in the West
Middle of the pack
Growth #16, Outdoor Access #16, Transportation #18, Fiscal Health #25, Economy #31, Health #31, Safety #32, Affordability #35
Bottom 10 in
Livability #42, Environment #44, Education #47
NumbersNumbersScorecardScoresCostCostTaxesTaxesSafetySafetyJobsJobsSchools & healthSchoolsMovingMovingCitiesCitiesBest forBest forNeighborsNeighborsFAQFAQ
Top ↑

Arizona by the numbers

Six measures every state is judged on, each with Arizona's rank of 50 and the national figure beside it.

Median household income
$81,486
#20 of 50, 1 = highest · US $80,903
Typical home value
$417,990
#34 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US $368,697
Cost of living index
100.7
#35 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US 100
Violent crime per 100K
378
#36 of 50, 1 = safest · US 328
Unemployment rate
4.3%
#35 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 3.95%
Total tax burden
8.22%
#17 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 8.74%

Sources, latest releases: Census Bureau ACS (income), Zillow Research (home value), BEA Regional Price Parities (cost index), FBI state crime estimates (crime), BLS LAUS (unemployment), WalletHub tax burden study (taxes). Rank 1 is the best value in each measure: highest income, lowest cost, lowest crime.

→Read the Arizona overview

Arizona scores above the national average in 4 of 11 categories and ranks #9 of 13 states in the West, behind 8 regional neighbors. Its biggest edge over the country is total tax burden (8.22%, 0.5 points below the national average); its biggest shortfall is violent crime rate (378, 15% above the national average). With 3 bottom-10 finishes and no top-10 category, its case rests on price rather than performance.

What stands out
  • Regulators stopped approving new Phoenix-area subdivisions that depend only on groundwater; growth now runs on Colorado River water and whatever supply developers can buy.
  • Income tax is a flat 2.5%, #11 lowest, paid for by a combined sales tax of 8.52% that Arizona calls a transaction privilege tax.
  • Net migration of +17,316 households (#6 in the country), with arrivals reporting $87,497 against $75,593 for those leaving, and California sending the most.

Where does Arizona rank in each category?

All 11 categories that make up the composite, heaviest weight first. Arizona is top 10 in 0 and bottom 10 in 3.

CategoryScoreRankGradeWeightUS avgThe numbers behind it
Economy42.6#31 of 50C+15%47.1Its unemployment rate is 4.3% and median household income is $81,486.
Safety63.2#32 of 50C+12%68.9The FBI estimates 377.9 violent crimes and 1,513.5 property crimes per 100,000 residents.
Health49.7#31 of 50C+12%54.4Life expectancy is 76.7 years, 33.3% of adults have obesity, and 10.3% of residents are uninsured.
Education32.6#47 of 50D12%57.5Eighth graders average 270 in NAEP math and 254 in reading, and the high school graduation rate is 77.3%.
Affordability60.3#35 of 50C10%65.2Typical home value $417,990 (5.1x median income); cost of living index 100.7 (100 = US); center-based infant care $16,384 a year.
Fiscal Health59.4#25 of 50B8%58.1It carries $2,190 of debt per resident, has 72% of pensions funded, and holds a AA credit rating.
Growth48.3#16 of 50B+7%38.8Population grew 0.89% last year; Census net domestic migration is +4.1 per 1,000 residents (the Moving section below uses IRS household counts, a different series).
Transportation53.4#18 of 50B+7%49.8The average commute is 26.4 minutes, 1.1% of workers use public transit, and 16.3% work from home.
Livability24.3#42 of 50C7%34.3It has 1.571 restaurants and 0.018 arts venues per 1,000 residents, plus 0.085 bars and 0.048 social associations per 1,000.
Outdoor Access37.7#16 of 50B+6%29.438.6% of its land is public, with 1.55 recreation facilities per 10,000 residents.
Environment25.9#44 of 50D4%42.5Its median air quality index is 45, 16% of its electricity is renewable, and its FEMA disaster risk score is 31.5.

Weight, US average and the evidence sentence for each category are shown on wider screens.

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. US avg is the mean score of the 50 states. Click a category for its 50-state ranking.

Category shape

Arizona's 11 category scores. A balanced state fills the wheel evenly; Arizona bulges toward growth and dips at education.

How expensive is Arizona?

Arizona's cost of living index is 100.7 against a national baseline of 100, 1% above the national average and #35 of 50 (1 = cheapest). The typical home is worth $417,990 (13% above the national average); buying it takes an income of about $104,042, $22,556 more than the median household earns. Inside the state the spread is wide: among tracked cities, Yuma is cheapest (index 92.7) and Casa Grande priciest (103.3).

Housing market snapshot · August

Cold market
Typical home value
$417,990
-1.1% in 1 yr · +9.1% in 5 yr · national $369K
Mortgage payment
$2,151/mo
P&I, 20% down, current rates
Income needed
$104K
median earns $81K (+28%)
Rent, Phoenix
$1,722/mo
renting cheaper by $552 vs. a $2,274 metro payment
Price cuts · days
30% · 66
national 26% · 53 days

Ranked #17 of 50 most expensive by typical value and #33 on price relative to income (1 = most affordable). The median household is $22,556 short of the income needed to buy the typical home.

Full Arizona housing market: 26-year chart, rent vs. buy, cities →

What a household keeps at $75,000

HouseholdArizonaMedian stateRank
Family of fourTwo adults, two kids, one in daycare−$19,573−$11,758#29 of 50
Single adultOne-bedroom rent, no childcare+$29,757+$31,418#30 of 50
Retiree coupleOwn the home, no payroll tax+$33,427+$35,970#29 of 50

Take-home pay minus housing, childcare, utilities, groceries and transport for a $75,000 household, from the affordability engine. Positive = money left over; negative = costs exceed take-home. Rank 1 = most left over.

Electricity price
15.32¢/kWh
#25 of 50 · US 17.84¢/kWh
Natural gas price
$18.58/Mcf
#40 of 50 · US $15.83/Mcf
Gasoline price
$3.80/gal
#44 of 50 · US $3.32/gal
Price level for goods
95.4
#10 of 50 · US 100
Center-based infant care, per year
$16,384
#30 of 50 · US $15,633
Editor's note

Arizona is no longer cheap: the index is 100.7, 1% above the national average. The cost sits in the Phoenix metro and Flagstaff; Tucson is far cheaper for the same sun, Yuma the cheapest tracked city. Scottsdale, Gilbert and Queen Creek price high; Buckeye, Maricopa and San Tan Valley trade more freeway for a cheaper house. The bill newcomers miss is summer power: months of air conditioning at 15.32 cents per kWh add up, and a pool adds more. An Arizona family of four on $75,000 ends the year at a $19,573 shortfall, $7,815 below the national median.

  • Run your own budget for Arizona →
  • Arizona housing market →
  • Housing rankings →

What are taxes like in Arizona?

Arizona's tax mix is low income tax, low property tax, high sales tax. The total state and local tax burden comes to 8.22% of income, 0.5 points below the national average (#17 of 50, 1 = lightest). Property tax is 0.56% of home value (#11), and combined sales tax averages 8.52% (#40).

Total tax burden
8.22%
#17 of 50 · US 8.74%
Top income tax rate
2.5%
#11 of 50 · US avg 5.46%
Effective property tax
0.56%
#11 of 50 · US 1.02%
Combined sales tax
8.52%
#40 of 50 · US 6.66%

Tax Foundation (rates) and WalletHub tax burden study (burden as a share of income), latest releases. Rank 1 = lowest. Income tax is the top marginal rate including typical local taxes where they apply.

Can the state pay its bills?

Credit rating
AA
S&P / Moody's
Rainy-day fund
11.5%
of spending · #21 of 50
Pensions funded
72%
of obligations · #30 of 50
Debt per resident
$2,190
state debt · #14 of 50

Fiscal health scores 59.4 out of 100, #25 of 50. Pew Fiscal 50, Census state finances and the rating agencies, latest releases.

Editor's note

Arizona's mix is low income tax, low property tax, high sales tax: a flat income tax of 2.5%, a property tax of 0.56% (#11 lowest), and a sales tax of 8.52% with city add-ons. For a high earner leaving California, the income tax is the pitch. For a retiree, Social Security goes untaxed and property tax is low, but sales tax hits every purchase and some cities tax groceries. For a homeowner, taxable value rises slowly under limited-valuation rules, so a long-time owner pays far less than a new buyer next door.

  • Fiscal health rankings →
  • Best states for retirees →

Is Arizona safe?

Arizona reports 378 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 15% above the national average and #36 of 50 (1 = safest). Property crime runs 1,514 per 100,000, 1% below the national average (#29 of 50). The safety score is 63.2 out of 100, #32 of 50; among tracked cities, Marana has the lowest violent crime rate.

Arizona vs. the United States, per 100,000 residents

Violent crime#36 of 50
AZ
378
US
328
Property crime#29 of 50
AZ
1,514
US
1,535

FBI state crime estimates, latest release. US is the mean of the 50 states; blue = below it, terracotta = above it. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because their latest year is based on limited data.

Safest tracked cities in Arizona

CityPopulationViolent / 100KProperty / 100K
Marana56,938611,286
Surprise154,94886781
Gilbert280,262117878
Chandler280,1361241,231
Queen Creek71,867155779

Lowest violent crime among the 23 Arizona cities we track with 50,000 or more residents. City rates come from each city's police agency and are not strictly comparable across agencies.

Editor's note

Violent crime of 378 per hundred thousand is 15% above the national average, and it lives in Phoenix, Tucson and Glendale; the East Valley suburbs post a fraction of that. Marana has the lowest violent crime of any tracked city; Gilbert, Queen Creek and Goodyear are close behind. A freeway exit in the Phoenix metro changes the rate more than a state line would; Tucson runs closer to Phoenix than its size suggests.

  • Safety rankings →
  • Best states for families →

What is the job market like in Arizona?

Arizona's unemployment rate is 4.3%, 0.3 points above the national average and #35 of 50 (1 = lowest), and the median household earns $81,486, 1% above the national median. Real GDP grew +3.1% in the latest year (#7 of 50) and GDP per capita is $58,823, 9% below the national average. The population is growing 0.89% a year, 0.4 points above the national average. The economy score is 42.6 out of 100, #31 of 50.

Median household income
$81,486
#20 of 50 · US $80,903
Unemployment rate
4.3%
#35 of 50 · US 3.95%
GDP per capita
$58,823
#33 of 50 · US $64,333
Real GDP growth
+3.1%
#7 of 50 · US +1.91%
Population growth
+0.89%
#8 of 50 · US +0.51%

Census Bureau ACS (income), BLS LAUS (unemployment), BEA (GDP), Census population estimates (growth), latest releases.

Highest-paying tracked occupations in Arizona, adjusted for cost of living

OccupationCost-adjustedMedian wageMetro
Family Medicine Physicians$221,024$223,234Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler
Lawyers$142,521$143,946Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler
Software Developers$125,121$126,372Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler
Computer Systems Analysts$103,475$104,510Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler
Civil Engineers$97,481$98,456Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler

BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release, for the 20 occupations we track. Cost-adjusted wage divides the metro median by its cost of living index.

Editor's note

Phoenix is the economy: semiconductors (Intel in Chandler, TSMC in the north valley), aerospace and defense, hospitals and construction. Tucson is the University of Arizona, Raytheon and Davis-Monthan; Flagstaff is the university and tourism; Yuma is winter produce and a Marine air station. The mining counties and the reservations are a much poorer economy. family medicine physicians in Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler earn the best cost-adjusted wage, a median of $223,234. Median income is $81,486, 1% above the national median, in a state whose homes are priced nationally.

  • Economy rankings →
  • Wages by occupation and metro →

How are Arizona's schools and healthcare?

Arizona's education score is 32.6 out of 100, #47 of 50. Eighth graders average 270 in NAEP math (#33 of 50) and 254 in reading (#39 of 50), and the high school graduation rate is 77.3%, 8.3 points below the national average (#49 of 50).

Education score
32.6
#47 of 50 · US 57.5
Graduation rate
77.3%
#49 of 50 · US 85.6%
NAEP math, grade 8
270
#33 of 50 · US 273 · grade 4: 232
NAEP reading, grade 8
254
#39 of 50 · US 257 · grade 4: 208

Best public school cities we track, by graduation rate

CityGrad rateStudents / teacherPer pupil
Peoria95.1%23.8$10,072
Goodyear94.8%28.9$10,066
Queen Creek93.8%28.7$9,133

NCES Common Core of Data and School District Finance Survey, latest release. Cities with at least three schools.

Editor's note

Arizona ranks #47 for education, with a graduation rate of 77.3%, #49 of 50. It is the most choice-driven system anywhere: open enrollment, a huge charter sector, and universal Empowerment Scholarship Accounts that pay for private school or homeschooling. Chandler, Gilbert and Scottsdale districts and the big charter networks post strong results; Phoenix Union and rural districts do not. Peoria graduates the highest share of tracked cities.

  • Education rankings →

Arizona is #31 of 50 for health, with a life expectancy of 76.7 years, 0.2 years below the national average. 33.3% of adults have obesity (#21 of 50) and 10.3% of residents have no health insurance (#44 of 50). The health score is 49.7 out of 100, weighted 12% of the composite.

Health score
49.7
#31 of 50 · US 54.4
Life expectancy
76.7 years
#30 of 50 · US 76.9 years
Adults with obesity
33.3%
#21 of 50 · US 34%
Uninsured
10.3%
#44 of 50 · US 7.6%

CDC National Center for Health Statistics (state life tables), CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (obesity), and Census Bureau American Community Survey (health insurance), latest releases.

Editor's note

Arizona ranks #31 on health, with life expectancy of 76.7 years. Heat is the health fact: Maricopa County counts hundreds of heat deaths a year, and people without reliable cooling endure summer rather than enjoy it. Air quality is the other: median AQI 45, #48 of 50, from ozone, dust storms and valley fever spores. Care is fine in Phoenix and Tucson, thin on the reservations and border counties.

  • Health rankings →

Who is moving to Arizona, and who is leaving?

Arizona gained a net 17,316 households from other states in the latest IRS release: 121,675 moved in and 104,359 moved out, +2.3 per 1,000 residents (#10 of 50). Arriving households report an average income of $87,497 against $75,593 for those leaving. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, which counts people rather than households, shows a net +55.5K people (234.8K in, 179.3K out, ±18.9K), consistent with the IRS direction.

Households moving in
121,675
top origin California
Households moving out
104,359
top destination California
Net per 1,000 residents
+2.3
#10 of 50 · +17,316 households
Avg income, arrivals
$87,497
leavers $75,593 · arrivals earn more

Where they come from

  1. 1California28,402 · $87,556
  2. 2Texas8,463 · $84,018
  3. 3Washington8,011 · $112,245
  4. 4Colorado6,012 · $97,216
  5. 5Illinois5,528 · $112,935

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households arrived from these states in the latest IRS release.

Where they go

  1. 1California16,283 · $75,193
  2. 2Texas9,966 · $80,303
  3. 3Washington5,803 · $88,640
  4. 4Colorado5,683 · $82,116
  5. 5Florida5,096 · $94,608

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households left for these states in the latest IRS release.

Editor's note

Arizona is a big net winner: 121,675 households in, 104,359 out, a net of +17,316, #6 of 50. California sends the most by far, then Texas, Washington and Colorado. Arrivals report $87,497 and departures $75,593, consistent with Californians cashing out and retirees arriving with savings while younger households leave for Texas. The inflow lands in Phoenix suburbs, Queen Creek and Buckeye above all; Tucson and Yuma gain less.

  • All Arizona migration flows →
  • State-by-state migration →

Where should you live in Arizona?

By composite score, the best of the 23 Arizona cities we track are Queen Creek (66.2), Marana (65.9), and Gilbert (63.8). Yuma is the cheapest (cost index 92.7), Queen Creek the richest ($141,978), and Queen Creek the fastest growing (+8.2% a year). City ranks are among the 23 Arizona cities we cover, not every city in the state.

Standout cities in Arizona

Best forCityMeasure
SafestMarana61 violent crimes per 100K
CheapestYumacost of living index 92.7
Most walkableTempewalkability 14.2 of 20
Cleanest airLake Havasu Citymedian AQI 17 (county)
Best schoolsPeoria95.1% graduation rate
RichestQueen Creek$141,978

Among the 23 Arizona cities we track. Safest uses a full year of FBI reports from the city's own police agency; air quality is measured by county, so cities in the same county share a reading.

Editor's note

Regions of Arizona

East Valley and the Pinal County exurbs

Mesa, Chandler, Gilbert and Tempe are the tech-and-college half of the metro; Queen Creek, San Tan Valley and Maricopa are the new subdivisions past the freeway ends, growing fastest.

MesaChandlerGilbertTempeQueen CreekSan Tan ValleyMaricopa
Phoenix, Scottsdale and the West Valley

Phoenix proper carries the crime and the light rail; Scottsdale the money; Glendale, Peoria, Surprise, Goodyear, Avondale and Buckeye the cheaper, hotter, newer sprawl to the west.

PhoenixScottsdaleGlendalePeoriaSurpriseGoodyearAvondaleBuckeye
Tucson and southern Arizona

A university and defense town, a full step cheaper than Phoenix with a far lower median income; the border counties beyond it are rural, poor and hot.

TucsonCasas Adobes
High country

Flagstaff at seven thousand feet with snow, pines and a university, priced like a resort; Prescott and the Mogollon Rim towns are where Phoenix goes to cool off.

Flagstaff
Colorado River towns

Yuma is winter lettuce, a Marine base and the cheapest cost of living among tracked cities; Lake Havasu City is boats, retirees and summer heat that tops even Phoenix.

YumaLake Havasu City

All 23 tracked cities, best to worst

#CityGradeScorePopulationIncomeViolent / 100KCost index
1Queen Creek
A
66.271,867$141,978155103.3
2Marana
A
65.956,938$112,6066196.9
3Gilbert
A
63.8280,262$122,551117103.3
4Catalina Foothills
B+
62.952,593$115,304—96.9
5Chandler
B+
61.0280,136$108,095124103.3
6Scottsdale
B+
61.0243,821$110,886175103.3
7Surprise
B+
60.2154,948$96,71186103.3
8Goodyear
B+
60.2107,645$103,319236103.3
9Buckeye
B
58.4104,923$99,486159103.3
10Peoria
B
58.2196,906$95,815253103.3
11Tempe
B
57.4188,065$79,663418103.3
12Avondale
C+
55.692,477$86,123341103.3
13Mesa
C+
54.7511,764$82,752424103.3
14Casas Adobes
C+
53.672,059$83,683—96.9
15Flagstaff
C+
53.376,445$71,512501100.3
16Lake Havasu City
C+
53.058,359$70,14829994.1
17Maricopa
C+
52.667,163$96,391242103.3
18Glendale
C
52.1252,833$73,530438103.3
19Phoenix
C
51.31,642,323$81,332696103.3
20Tucson
C
50.0547,073$57,07336896.9
21Casa Grande
D
48.560,905$69,983434103.3
22Yuma
D
46.1100,139$65,48235392.7
23San Tan Valley
D
45.8109,189$96,713—103.3

Swipe the table sideways for more columns. Rank is among the 23 Arizona cities we track: every city of 50,000 or more, plus the state's other largest places. City scores use city-level Census, FBI, BLS, CDC, EPA and NCES data, and a category with no city data is left out of the score rather than filled with the state's figure.

Best cities in Arizona for…

#CityScoreEducationSafetyAffordability
1Gilbert63.043.393.046.0
2Chandler60.538.190.051.3
3Queen Creek60.436.791.342.2
4Marana60.346.693.660.1
5Surprise57.637.795.752.9
All Arizona cities for families →Best states for families →
  • All 1,312 cities →

Who is Arizona best for?

The same 11 category scores, re-weighted for six kinds of household. Rank is among the 50 states; click through for the best Arizona cities for each.

Families
#45of 50
Best Arizona cities →
Retirees
#37of 50
Best Arizona cities →
Remote Workers
#35of 50
Best Arizona cities →
Young Professionals
#31of 50
Best Arizona cities →
Small Business
#30of 50
Best Arizona cities →
Outdoor Enthusiasts
#28of 50
Best Arizona cities →
Arizona fits
  • Retirees on a fixed income who can take the summer: Social Security is untaxed, property tax is 0.56%, and a retiree couple at $75,000 ends the year at a $33,427 surplus.
  • High earners leaving California: a flat 2.5% income tax, +4.1 net migration per thousand residents, and Phoenix's professional wages.
  • Remote workers who want a new house in a new suburb: 16.3% work from home (#4), broadband reaches 93.6%, and Queen Creek is growing fastest.
Arizona does not fit
  • Families choosing on public schools: education ranks #47, graduation rate is 77.3%, and the state ranks #45 for families.
  • Anyone who wants four seasons at low elevation: Phoenix summers run for months, and the median AQI of 45 is #48 of 50.
  • Car-free households: 1.1% of commuters use transit, and only Tempe and central Phoenix along the light rail make that workable.

Weights differ by household: families lean on education, safety and housing; retirees on fiscal health, healthcare and cost. See the weights →

How does Arizona compare with its neighbors?

Arizona ranks #38. Among its bordering states, Utah ranks highest (#6) and New Mexico lowest (#49). Nevada is the most similar on the composite score and Utah the most different. Bordering states are listed best to worst; the national line is the mean of the 50 states.

StateOverallScoreMedian incomeTypical homeCost indexViolent crimeTax burdenCompare
Arizona#3847.8$81,486$417,990100.73788.22%
Utah#675.4$96,658$534,58298.92369.46%Compare →
Nevada#4045.8$81,134$442,0271003798.62%Compare →
California#4740.2$100,149$764,158110.743311%Compare →
New Mexico#4930.6$67,816$318,24192.26229.62%Compare →
United States—57.9$80,903$368,6971003288.74%

Overall rank, median income, cost index and tax burden columns are shown on wider screens.

People also compare
Arizona vs. Texas →Arizona vs. Washington →
Other West states
  • Wyoming#2
  • Idaho#4
  • Montana#7
  • Hawaii#17
  • Colorado#18
  • Washington#20
  • Oregon#35
  • Alaska#42
Editor's note

California defines Arizona: nearly a quarter of arrivals come from it, and the state is the cheaper, hotter alternative. Utah is the comparison for families: St. George sits an hour up the interstate with better schools and lower crime. Nevada courts the same Californians with no income tax; New Mexico is the poorer desert.

  • Compare Arizona with any state →

How the score works

Eleven categories, each scored 0–100 and weighted into one composite. Grades follow rank.

The weights

Economy 15% · Safety 12% · Health 12% · Education 12% · Affordability 10% · Fiscal Health 8% · Growth 7% · Transportation 7% · Livability 7% · Outdoor Access 6% · Environment 4%. The composite is the weighted sum, stretched linearly so states spread across most of the 0–100 range.

From raw numbers to scores

Every raw measure is placed on a 0–100 scale between a fixed floor and ceiling, inverted where lower is better (crime, cost, taxes), then combined within its category. The same scale applies to every state.

Letter grades

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. A C+ state is not failing; it is in the middle third.

Cities, budgets and neighbors

The 23 Arizona city scores, the household budgets and the neighbor table on this page are computed from the same sources as the state score. City ranks are among the cities we track, not all cities in the state.

Editor's notes

Passages marked as editor's notes are written for this state and add context the numbers cannot: regions, tradeoffs, who the state fits. Every figure inside them is pulled from the data at build time, so the words cannot drift from the numbers.

Always the latest release

Each source is the most recent release its agency has published. The page is rebuilt when a source updates, so the score can move without any change in the state itself.

What the score cannot tell you

Weather and climate, culture and pace, politics beyond the Cook index shown for context, the quality of a specific school, hospital or neighborhood, job prospects in your field, and anything without a public, comparable, 50-state source. Statewide averages also hide the metro-versus-rural split, which is why the editor's notes name places.

Category briefs

Economy: Unemployment rate and median household income. Safety: Violent and property crime rates per 100,000 residents. Health: Health outcomes, behaviors, and access to care. Education: K-12 school quality, test scores, and graduation rates. Full methodology →

Key takeaways

What the Arizona numbers say when read together.

  1. 01

    Growth is Arizona's strongest suit

    Arizona is a #38 state overall but #16 of 50 for growth, 22 places better than its composite rank, with a score of 48.3 against a national average of 38.8. Outdoor Access (#16) is next. Growth carries 7% of the composite.

  2. 02

    Education is where Arizona falls furthest behind

    Arizona ranks #47 of 50 for education, 9 places below its overall #38, with a score of 32.6 against a national average of 57.5. At 12% of the composite, it is the category holding the overall score down most.

  3. 03

    Total tax burden is 0.5 points below the national average

    Arizona's total tax burden is 8.22%, 0.5 points below the national average of 8.74%, #17 of 50 (1 = lowest). The largest gap in the other direction is violent crime rate: 378, 15% above the national average. Source: WalletHub tax burden study, latest release.

  4. 04

    More households arrive than leave

    Arizona ranks #10 of 50 on net household flow per 1,000 residents (+2.3). The households arriving report $11,904 more in average income than those leaving ($87,497 against $75,593), so the state is trading up on income even as the headcount grows. California is both the largest source and the largest destination.

  5. 05

    A middle income is squeezed harder here than in most states

    A family of four earning $75,000 ends the year at a $19,573 shortfall after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transport and taxes, against a $11,758 shortfall in the median state (#29 of 50). A single adult on the same income comes out at a $29,757 surplus; a retiree couple at a $33,427 surplus. Infant childcare runs $16,384 a year, 5% above the national average.

  6. 06

    Arizona sits 2nd among its 5-state neighborhood

    1 of Arizona's 4 bordering states ranks above its #38; the closest match on the composite is Nevada. Median income among them runs from $67,816 in New Mexico to $100,149 in California; Arizona is at $81,486.

Editor's note

The tradeoff

+Flat income tax of 2.5%, 3.0 points below the national average, and property tax at 0.56%.

−Sales tax of 8.52% ranks #40 of 50, and some cities charge it on groceries.

+Population growth of +0.89% keeps construction, health care and services hiring.

−Phoenix-area growth now depends on water bought rather than pumped, and price to income sits at 5.1x.

+Winter is the payoff: sun, an average commute of 26.4 minutes, and 16.3% of workers already at home.

−Summer heat and a median AQI of 45, #48 of 50, are the bill.

Frequently asked questions about living in Arizona

Is Arizona a good place to live?

Arizona ranks #38 of 50 with a C grade, #9 of 13 in the West. It is bottom 10 in livability, environment, and education. On the six headline measures it beats the national figure on 2 of 6 (income and tax burden) and trails on home prices, cost of living, violent crime, and unemployment. Whether that adds up to a good place to live depends on what you weigh; the household rankings below re-weight the same numbers for families, retirees and remote workers.

Where does Arizona rank among US states?

Arizona ranks #38 of 50 overall with a composite score of 47.8 (grade C), and #9 of 13 states in the West. Its best category rank is #16 (growth) and its worst #47 (education). The composite weights eleven categories, with economy, safety, health and education counting most; grades follow rank, so C means rank 35–42.

Is it expensive to live in Arizona?

At #35 of 50 for cost of living (1 = cheapest), Arizona is 1% above the national average: its index is 100.7 against a national baseline of 100. The typical home value is $417,990 (13% above the national average), and buying it takes an income of about $104,042 against a median household income of $81,486. At $75,000, a family of four comes out at a $19,573 shortfall after all costs, #29 of 50 (1 = most left over).

Does Arizona have a state income tax?

Yes. Arizona's top state income tax rate is 2.5% (#11 of 50, 1 = lowest), and the total state and local tax burden is 8.22% of income, 0.5 points below the national average. Property tax is 0.56% of home value and combined sales tax 8.52%.

What is the crime rate in Arizona?

Arizona reports 378 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 15% above the national average and #36 of 50 (1 = safest), and 1,514 property crimes per 100,000, 1% below the national average (#29). Its safety score is 63.2 out of 100, #32 of 50. Figures are FBI estimates from the latest release.

Does Arizona have good schools?

Arizona is #47 of 50 for education (score 32.6 out of 100). Its public school students average 270 in eighth-grade math on NAEP (#33) and 254 in eighth-grade reading (#39), and the high school graduation rate is 77.3%, 8.3 points below the national average (#49). Among tracked cities with at least three schools, Peoria has the highest graduation rate at 95.1%.

Why are people moving to Arizona?

Arizona gained a net 17,316 households in the latest IRS release: 121,675 moved in and 104,359 moved out, +2.3 per 1,000 residents (#10 of 50). The largest source of arrivals is California (28,402 households) and the most common destination is California (16,283). Arriving households report an average income of $87,497 against $75,593 for those leaving, so movers in earn more than movers out. The IRS files count tax returns and say nothing about motives.

Is Arizona a red or blue state?

Arizona is an even split on the Cook Partisan Voting Index. The political lean is shown for context and is not part of the composite score.

What are the downsides of living in Arizona?

Most people who leave cite the schools or the summer. Education ranks #47 with a graduation rate of 77.3%, and the state sits #45 for families. Summer in Phoenix runs from May into October, with cooling bills and heat deaths to match. Add a median AQI of 45 (#48), a sales tax of 8.52%, and homes at a price to income of 5.1x.

Is Arizona running out of water?

Not soon, but the cheap water is gone. Phoenix and Tucson draw on the Colorado River via the Central Arizona Project, groundwater, and the Salt and Verde rivers, and the river share has been cut repeatedly. The state stopped approving Phoenix-area subdivisions that depend on groundwater, pushing growth toward cities with surface water rights. Existing homes are fine; the question is who builds next.

Do I need a car in Arizona?

Yes, nearly everywhere: only 1.1% of commuters use transit, 1.2 points below the national average. Valley Metro light rail links central Phoenix, Tempe and Mesa and works for people along it; Tucson has a short streetcar. Beyond those lines the metro is freeways on a grid, with a commute of 26.4 minutes that hides the long drives from Buckeye or San Tan Valley. Flagstaff and downtown Tucson are walkable exceptions.

Is Arizona a good place to raise a family?

The numbers say no; arriving families say otherwise. Arizona ranks #45 for families, on a graduation rate of 77.3% and violent crime 15% above the national average, yet Queen Creek, Gilbert and Goodyear are among the fastest-growing family suburbs anywhere, with graduation rates above the state's. Infant care costs $16,384, 5% above the national average. Pick the school before the house; the state average does not apply.

What is the weather like in Arizona year-round?

Two Arizonas: the low desert (Phoenix, Tucson, Yuma, Lake Havasu) has mild winters that fill the state with snowbirds and a summer of extreme heat that peaks in July, when the monsoon adds humidity and dust storms. The high country (Flagstaff, Prescott, the Rim) has four seasons, pine forest and snow. Wildfire and flash flooding are the hazards; the FEMA index is 31.5.

Is Arizona cheaper than Nevada?

About even; the tax question decides it. Both have a cost index near a hundred, homes well above the national figure, and lean on sales tax. Nevada has no income tax to Arizona's 2.5%, so a high earner nets more in Las Vegas; Arizona's property tax of 0.56% runs a touch higher, its gasoline at $3.80 per gallon cheaper. Arizona ranks #38 overall, ahead of Nevada.

All the numbers

Every metric behind Arizona's 11 category scores, with the national figure beside each. Pick a category.

Median Household Income
$81,486
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: $80,903
Unemployment Rate
4.3%
BLS LAUS · Nat'l avg: 3.9%
Population Growth
+0.89%
Census, year over year · Nat'l avg: +0.5%
42.6Economy Score · National avg: 47.1
Violent Crime Rate
377.9
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 313
Property Crime Rate
1,513.5
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 1,475
63.2Safety Score · National avg: 68.9
Life Expectancy
76.7 yr
CDC NCHS · Nat'l avg: 76.9 yr
Adults With Obesity
33.3%
CDC BRFSS · Nat'l avg: 34%
Uninsured
10.3%
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 7.6%
49.7Health Score · National avg: 54.4
HS Graduation Rate
77.3%
EDFacts · Nat'l avg: 85.6%
NAEP Math, 8th Grade
270
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 273
NAEP Reading, 8th Grade
254
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 257
32.6Education Score · National avg: 57.5
GDP Per Capita
$58,823
BEA · Nat'l avg: $64,333
GDP Growth Rate
+3.1%
Real, year over year · Nat'l avg: +1.9%
Credit Rating
AA
S&P / Moody's, latest
Fiscal Score
59.4
of 100 · Nat'l avg: 58.1
Budget Balance
+4.8%
Surplus · % of revenue · NASBO
State Debt Per Capita
$2,190
Census state finances · Nat'l avg: $3,506
Rainy Day Fund
11.5%
of expenditures · Pew Fiscal 50
Pension Funded Ratio
72%
Pew · Nat'l avg: 74.3%
Tax Burden
8.22%
of income · Nat'l avg: 8.74%
Income Tax Rate
2.5%
Top rate, state + local
Property Tax Rate
0.56%
Effective rate · Nat'l avg: 1.02%
Sales Tax Rate
8.52%
State + local avg · Nat'l avg: 6.66%
59.4Fiscal Health Score · National avg: 58.1
Typical Home Value
$417,990
Latest month · Nat'l avg: $383,360
Cost of Living Index
100.7
BEA Regional Price Parity · National = 100
Price-to-Income Ratio
5.1x
Home value ÷ median income · Nat'l avg: 4.6x
Electricity
15.32¢/kWh
EIA
Natural Gas
$18.58/Mcf
EIA
Gasoline
$3.8/gal
EIA
Infant Care (Center)
$16,384/yr
Child Care Aware of America
Goods Prices
95.4
BEA price level for goods · US = 100
60.3Affordability Score · National avg: 65.2
Air Quality Index
45
EPA annual median · Nat'l avg: 38.8
Renewable Energy
16%
EIA, % of electricity · Nat'l avg: 29%
Natural Disaster Risk
31.5
FEMA NRI per capita · Nat'l avg: 30
25.9Environment Score · National avg: 42.5
Public Land
38.6%
of state area · USGS PAD-US
Recreation Facilities
1.55
per 10K residents · Census CBP
Park Acreage per Capita
0.37
NPS acres per resident
37.7Outdoor Access Score · National avg: 29.4
Mean Commute Time
26.4 min
Mean travel time to work · Census ACS
60+ Min Commute
7.4%
of workers · Census ACS
Drive Alone
67.5%
of commuters · Census ACS
Public Transit Use
1.1%
of commuters · Census ACS
Walk / Bicycle
2.2%
active commuters · Census ACS
Work From Home
16.3%
of workers · Census ACS
Vehicle Miles Traveled
9,323
per capita · FHWA
Carpool Rate
10.8%
of commuters · Census ACS
53.4Transportation Score · National avg: 49.8
Restaurants per 1K
1.571
Census County Business Patterns
Arts & Entertainment
0.018
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Social Associations
0.048
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Bars & Breweries
0.085
per 1K residents · Census CBP
24.3Livability Score · National avg: 34.3
Net Domestic Migration
+4.1
per 1,000 residents · Nat'l avg: +1.1
Migration Trend
Gaining
More people moving in than out
Broadband Subscription
93.6%
Households, any type · Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 92.7%
Households Moving In
121.7K
Top origin: California
Households Moving Out
104.4K
Top destination: California
48.3Growth Score · National avg: 38.8

Also consulted for the Arizona editor's notes

  • Arizona Department of Water Resources, Phoenix AMA groundwater supply updates ↗