50
States ranked
1,312
Cities scored
49
Data sources
11
Scoring categories
America’s Dashboard

America's Dashboard ranks and scores all 50 US states and1,312 cities using real government data. Compare economy, safety, health, education, affordability, and more — free, transparent, and updated with the latest federal statistics.

Updated as each source publishes its latest release

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Data sources

Rankings are computed from publicly available federal and state government datasets, supplemented by a handful of published indexes (such as the Tax Foundation, Child Care Aware of America and Zillow Research). Figures are used as each source publishes them, including the FBI's own state crime estimates; nothing is synthetic or modeled by us, and every source is cited below.

  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS annual averages·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, estimated crimes by state·
  • CDC NCHS U.S. State Life Tables·
  • CDC BRFSS·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS (table S2701)·
  • NAEP, The Nation's Report Card·
  • EDFacts adjusted cohort graduation rate (NCES)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates·
  • Cook Political Report, PVI·
  • Tax Foundation, Facts & Figures·
  • ALEC Rich States Poor States·
  • WalletHub Tax Burden Study·
  • Zillow Research, Zillow Home Value Index·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities·
  • EPA AirData, Median AQI by County·
  • EIA State Electricity Profiles·
  • FEMA National Risk Index·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Net Domestic Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS Broadband Subscriptions·
  • National Park Service API·
  • USGS Protected Areas Database (PAD-US)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year Commuting·
  • FHWA Highway Statistics·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • EIA residential electricity prices·
  • EIA State Energy Data System, motor gasoline prices·
  • EIA Natural Gas Prices, residential·
  • Child Care Aware of America, Price & Supply·
  • Tax Foundation, State Income Tax Rates and Brackets·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities, goods·
  • NCES Common Core of Data (CCD)·
  • EDFacts ACGR Graduation Rates·
  • NCES School District Finance Survey (F-33)·
  • BEA GDP by State (SAGDP9)·
  • NASBO Fiscal Survey of States·
  • Census Bureau State Government Finances·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts Fiscal 50·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts, State Pension Funding·
  • S&P/Moody's via Ballotpedia·
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES·
  • IRS Statistics of Income, State-to-State Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS State-to-State Migration Flows·
  • Zillow Research, Home Values, Rents & Market Metrics·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, city police agency reports·
  • CDC PLACES, city health estimates·
  • NOAA U.S. Climate Normals·
  • EPA National Walkability Index
© 2026 America's Dashboard. All rights reserved.Privacy policy·Terms of service·Not affiliated with any government agency.
America’s Dashboard
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Home/States/Michigan

2026 edition·Midwest·Pop. 10,127,884·Capital Lansing·26th state, admitted 1837·Cook PVI Even

Is Michigan a Good Place to Live? Michigan Rankings, Cost of Living, Crime & Taxes

Michigan ranks #45 of 50 with a composite score of 42.7 and a D grade, strongest in affordability (#22) and weakest in economy (#50). The median household earns $72,389 (11% below the national median), homes typically cost $266,292 (28% below the national average), and violent crime is 416 per 100,000 (27% above the national average).

Editor's verdict
Michigan pairs a home price to income ratio of 3.7x, #15 of 50, with an economy that ranks #50: houses are cheap because the auto cycle set the wages. Weigh unemployment of 5.2%, 1.3 points above the national average, against a shoreline, a cost index of 96.2 and winters that run five months in the north.
Compare Michigan with its neighbors →Best cities in Michigan →How the score works →
Composite score
42.7D
#45 of 50 · #12 in the Midwest
Middle of the pack
Affordability #22, Environment #23, Health #27, Transportation #27, Safety #31, Fiscal Health #32, Outdoor Access #32
Bottom 10 in
Growth #41, Livability #41, Education #44, Economy #50
NumbersNumbersScorecardScoresCostCostTaxesTaxesSafetySafetyJobsJobsSchools & healthSchoolsMovingMovingCitiesCitiesBest forBest forNeighborsNeighborsFAQFAQ
Top ↑

Michigan by the numbers

Six measures every state is judged on, each with Michigan's rank of 50 and the national figure beside it.

Median household income
$72,389
#37 of 50, 1 = highest · US $80,903
Typical home value
$266,292
#12 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US $368,697
Cost of living index
96.2
#24 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US 100
Violent crime per 100K
416
#40 of 50, 1 = safest · US 328
Unemployment rate
5.2%
#48 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 3.95%
Total tax burden
8.25%
#18 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 8.74%

Sources, latest releases: Census Bureau ACS (income), Zillow Research (home value), BEA Regional Price Parities (cost index), FBI state crime estimates (crime), BLS LAUS (unemployment), WalletHub tax burden study (taxes). Rank 1 is the best value in each measure: highest income, lowest cost, lowest crime.

→Read the Michigan overview

Michigan scores above the national average in 2 of 11 categories and ranks #12 of 12 states in the Midwest, behind 11 regional neighbors. Its biggest edge over the country is typical home value ($266,292, 28% below the national average); its biggest shortfall is unemployment rate (5.2%, 1.3 points above the national average). With 4 bottom-10 finishes and no top-10 category, its case rests on price rather than performance.

What stands out
  • Property tax resets to market value the year after a home sells, so the seller's bill is not yours; the rate is 1.35%.
  • Michigan's no-fault auto insurance produces some of the highest car premiums in the country, a cost the 96.2 cost index doesn't include.
  • Electricity costs 20.01 cents per kWh, #39, and the state is #48 on unemployment; cheap housing here comes with expensive utilities and a cyclical job market.

Where does Michigan rank in each category?

All 11 categories that make up the composite, heaviest weight first. Michigan is top 10 in 0 and bottom 10 in 4.

CategoryScoreRankGradeWeightUS avgThe numbers behind it
Economy21.9#50 of 50F15%47.1Its unemployment rate is 5.2% and median household income is $72,389.
Safety63.9#31 of 50C+12%68.9The FBI estimates 416.2 violent crimes and 1,258.5 property crimes per 100,000 residents.
Health55.4#27 of 50C+12%54.4Life expectancy is 76.8 years, 36.1% of adults have obesity, and 5.1% of residents are uninsured.
Education42.2#44 of 50D12%57.5Eighth graders average 270 in NAEP math and 255 in reading, and the high school graduation rate is 81%.
Affordability73.3#22 of 50B10%65.2Typical home value $266,292 (3.7x median income); cost of living index 96.2 (100 = US); center-based infant care $14,064 a year.
Fiscal Health56.2#32 of 50C+8%58.1It carries $3,180 of debt per resident, has 68% of pensions funded, and holds a AA credit rating.
Growth24.3#41 of 50C7%38.8Population grew 0.28% last year; Census net domestic migration is +0.2 per 1,000 residents (the Moving section below uses IRS household counts, a different series).
Transportation49.4#27 of 50C+7%49.8The average commute is 24.3 minutes, 1% of workers use public transit, and 11.2% work from home.
Livability24.7#41 of 50C7%34.3It has 1.673 restaurants and 0.018 arts venues per 1,000 residents, plus 0.127 bars and 0.078 social associations per 1,000.
Outdoor Access17.8#32 of 50C+6%29.413.4% of its land is public, with 2.01 recreation facilities per 10,000 residents.
Environment42.0#23 of 50B4%42.5Its median air quality index is 40, 13% of its electricity is renewable, and its FEMA disaster risk score is 10.5.

Weight, US average and the evidence sentence for each category are shown on wider screens.

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. US avg is the mean score of the 50 states. Click a category for its 50-state ranking.

Category shape

Michigan's 11 category scores. A balanced state fills the wheel evenly; Michigan bulges toward affordability and dips at economy.

How expensive is Michigan?

Michigan's cost of living index is 96.2 against a national baseline of 100, 4% below the national average and #24 of 50 (1 = cheapest). The typical home is worth $266,292 (28% below the national average); buying it takes an income of about $73,945, $1,556 more than the median household earns. Inside the state the spread is wide: among tracked cities, Battle Creek is cheapest (index 90.5) and Ann Arbor priciest (100.9).

Housing market snapshot · August

Cool market
Typical home value
$266,292
+4.0% in 1 yr · +24.1% in 5 yr · national $369K
Mortgage payment
$1,370/mo
P&I, 20% down, current rates
Income needed
$74K
median earns $72K (+2%)
Rent, Detroit
$1,524/mo
buying cheaper by $149 vs. a $1,375 metro payment
Price cuts · days
27% · 33
national 26% · 53 days

Ranked #39 of 50 most expensive by typical value and #12 on price relative to income (1 = most affordable). The median household is $1,556 short of the income needed to buy the typical home.

Full Michigan housing market: 26-year chart, rent vs. buy, cities →

What a household keeps at $75,000

HouseholdMichiganMedian stateRank
Family of fourTwo adults, two kids, one in daycare−$5,634−$11,758#17 of 50
Single adultOne-bedroom rent, no childcare+$34,427+$31,418#18 of 50
Retiree coupleOwn the home, no payroll tax+$39,007+$35,970#19 of 50

Take-home pay minus housing, childcare, utilities, groceries and transport for a $75,000 household, from the affordability engine. Positive = money left over; negative = costs exceed take-home. Rank 1 = most left over.

Electricity price
20.01¢/kWh
#39 of 50 · US 17.84¢/kWh
Natural gas price
$10.92/Mcf
#9 of 50 · US $15.83/Mcf
Gasoline price
$3.10/gal
#16 of 50 · US $3.32/gal
Price level for goods
96
#16 of 50 · US 100
Center-based infant care, per year
$14,064
#21 of 50 · US $15,633
Editor's note

At 96.2 on the cost index, 4% below the national average, Michigan looks average, which understates how cheap the houses are. The typical home costs $266,292, 28% below the national average. Troy, Novi and Rochester Hills price like Chicago suburbs; Flint, Detroit and Pontiac sit under half the state figure. Newcomers don't budget for the car, since no-fault premiums are among the highest anywhere, or electricity at 20.01 cents per kWh, 12% above the national average. The $75,000 family of four is left with a $5,634 shortfall here, #17 nationally; the single adult ends the year at a $34,427 surplus.

  • Run your own budget for Michigan →
  • Michigan housing market →
  • Housing rankings →

What are taxes like in Michigan?

Michigan's tax mix is low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack. The total state and local tax burden comes to 8.25% of income, 0.5 points below the national average (#18 of 50, 1 = lightest). Property tax is 1.35% of home value (#37), and combined sales tax averages 6% (#13).

Total tax burden
8.25%
#18 of 50 · US 8.74%
Top income tax rate
6.65%
#36 of 50 · US avg 5.46%
Effective property tax
1.35%
#37 of 50 · US 1.02%
Combined sales tax
6%
#13 of 50 · US 6.66%

Tax Foundation (rates) and WalletHub tax burden study (burden as a share of income), latest releases. Rank 1 = lowest. Income tax is the top marginal rate including typical local taxes where they apply.

Can the state pay its bills?

Credit rating
AA
S&P / Moody's
Rainy-day fund
13.5%
of spending · #13 of 50
Pensions funded
68%
of obligations · #35 of 50
Debt per resident
$3,180
state debt · #31 of 50

Fiscal health scores 56.2 out of 100, #32 of 50. Pew Fiscal 50, Census state finances and the rating agencies, latest releases.

Editor's note

Michigan's mix is low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack: income tax topping out at 6.65%, a 6% sales tax with no local add-ons and no tax on groceries, and property tax at 1.35%. The quirk is Proposal A: a home's taxable value grows slowly while you own it, then uncaps to market value the year after it sells. For a retiree, Social Security isn't taxed and part of retirement income is exempt, on a schedule tied to age. Some cities, Detroit among them, levy their own income tax.

  • Fiscal health rankings →
  • Best states for retirees →

Is Michigan safe?

Michigan reports 416 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 27% above the national average and #40 of 50 (1 = safest). Property crime runs 1,259 per 100,000, 18% below the national average (#13 of 50). The safety score is 63.9 out of 100, #31 of 50; among tracked cities, Rochester Hills has the lowest violent crime rate.

Michigan vs. the United States, per 100,000 residents

Violent crime#40 of 50
MI
416
US
328
Property crime#13 of 50
MI
1,259
US
1,535

FBI state crime estimates, latest release. US is the mean of the 50 states; blue = below it, terracotta = above it. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because their latest year is based on limited data.

Safest tracked cities in Michigan

CityPopulationViolent / 100KProperty / 100K
Rochester Hills77,08962630
Troy87,89893928
Novi66,71797539
Farmington Hills83,515144787
Royal Oak57,950153746

Lowest violent crime among the 24 Michigan cities we track with 50,000 or more residents. City rates come from each city's police agency and are not strictly comparable across agencies.

Editor's note

Michigan's violent crime rate of 416 per hundred thousand is 27% above the national average, while property crime is 18% below the national average. The gap is Detroit, which runs several times the state figure; Flint, Lansing, Kalamazoo and Pontiac add to it. The Oakland County suburbs are a different world: Rochester Hills is the safest tracked city. The metro is not the unit; a drive up Woodward Avenue crosses crime rates that differ twentyfold.

  • Safety rankings →
  • Best states for families →

What is the job market like in Michigan?

Michigan's unemployment rate is 5.2%, 1.3 points above the national average and #48 of 50 (1 = lowest), and the median household earns $72,389, 11% below the national median. Real GDP grew +1.8% in the latest year (#30 of 50) and GDP per capita is $55,326, 14% below the national average. The population is growing 0.28% a year, 0.2 points below the national average. The economy score is 21.9 out of 100, #50 of 50.

Median household income
$72,389
#37 of 50 · US $80,903
Unemployment rate
5.2%
#48 of 50 · US 3.95%
GDP per capita
$55,326
#40 of 50 · US $64,333
Real GDP growth
+1.8%
#30 of 50 · US +1.91%
Population growth
+0.28%
#35 of 50 · US +0.51%

Census Bureau ACS (income), BLS LAUS (unemployment), BEA (GDP), Census population estimates (growth), latest releases.

Highest-paying tracked occupations in Michigan, adjusted for cost of living

OccupationCost-adjustedMedian wageMetro
Family Medicine Physicians$248,727$233,803Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
Lawyers$152,435$143,289Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
Software Developers$143,840$135,210Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
Computer Systems Analysts$113,783$106,956Detroit-Warren-Dearborn
General & Operations Managers$107,373$100,931Detroit-Warren-Dearborn

BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release, for the 20 occupations we track. Cost-adjusted wage divides the metro median by its cost of living index.

Editor's note

The auto industry still sets Michigan's wages. Ford, GM, Stellantis and their supplier belt make Detroit-Warren-Dearborn the largest job market, with engineering pay high for the Midwest and layoffs that arrive together. Grand Rapids runs on furniture, medical devices and food processing, the steadier metro. Ann Arbor is the university and its hospital. Unemployment is 5.2%, 1.3 points above the national average, #48 of 50. Cost-adjusted, family medicine physicians in Detroit-Warren-Dearborn earn the most, $233,803 at the median. Northern Michigan and the Upper Peninsula run on tourism, timber and mining.

  • Economy rankings →
  • Wages by occupation and metro →

How are Michigan's schools and healthcare?

Michigan's education score is 42.2 out of 100, #44 of 50. Eighth graders average 270 in NAEP math (#31 of 50) and 255 in reading (#33 of 50), and the high school graduation rate is 81%, 4.6 points below the national average (#45 of 50).

Education score
42.2
#44 of 50 · US 57.5
Graduation rate
81%
#45 of 50 · US 85.6%
NAEP math, grade 8
270
#31 of 50 · US 273 · grade 4: 235
NAEP reading, grade 8
255
#33 of 50 · US 257 · grade 4: 209

Best public school cities we track, by graduation rate

CityGrad rateStudents / teacherPer pupil
Farmington Hills94.2%16.5$17,396
Novi93.7%17.1$15,146
Sterling Heights93.6%18.2$15,169

NCES Common Core of Data and School District Finance Survey, latest release. Cities with at least three schools.

Editor's note

Michigan's graduation rate of 81% is 4.6 points below the national average, and the state ranks #44 of 50 for education, with eighth-grade math at 270; the best districts are far stronger. Proposal A evens per-pupil dollars, not outcomes. Families pay up in Novi, Troy and Ann Arbor. Farmington Hills posts the top tracked graduation rate. Schools of choice lets students cross district lines, which changes which address matters.

  • Education rankings →

Michigan is #27 of 50 for health, with a life expectancy of 76.8 years, 0.1 years below the national average. 36.1% of adults have obesity (#33 of 50) and 5.1% of residents have no health insurance (#8 of 50). The health score is 55.4 out of 100, weighted 12% of the composite.

Health score
55.4
#27 of 50 · US 54.4
Life expectancy
76.8 years
#29 of 50 · US 76.9 years
Adults with obesity
36.1%
#33 of 50 · US 34%
Uninsured
5.1%
#8 of 50 · US 7.6%

CDC National Center for Health Statistics (state life tables), CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (obesity), and Census Bureau American Community Survey (health insurance), latest releases.

Editor's note

Michigan ranks #27 of 50 for health, and life expectancy of 76.8 years is 0.1 years below the national average. Access is the strength: Michigan Medicine in Ann Arbor, Henry Ford and Corewell in metro Detroit. The weakness is distance: the Upper Peninsula and the northern Lower Peninsula can be hours from specialty care, longer in winter. Obesity and smoking run above national figures. The southern third is well covered; the rest is not.

  • Health rankings →

Who is moving to Michigan, and who is leaving?

Michigan lost a net 8,770 households to other states in the latest IRS release: 71,800 moved in and 80,570 moved out, -0.9 per 1,000 residents (#38 of 50). Arriving households report an average income of $74,145 against $77,943 for those leaving. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, which counts people rather than households, shows a net +6.1K people (140.3K in, 134.2K out, ±14.3K), pointing the other way, so treat the direction as uncertain.

Households moving in
71,800
top origin Florida
Households moving out
80,570
top destination Florida
Net per 1,000 residents
-0.9
#38 of 50 · -8,770 households
Avg income, arrivals
$74,145
leavers $77,943 · leavers earn more

Where they come from

  1. 1Florida8,263 · $77,440
  2. 2Ohio5,728 · $68,708
  3. 3Illinois5,300 · $107,008
  4. 4Indiana5,153 · $65,703
  5. 5Texas5,039 · $65,794

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households arrived from these states in the latest IRS release.

Where they go

  1. 1Florida10,659 · $118,637
  2. 2Texas6,285 · $76,561
  3. 3Ohio5,970 · $59,979
  4. 4Illinois5,881 · $74,920
  5. 5California5,218 · $95,447

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households left for these states in the latest IRS release.

Editor's note

Michigan loses households on net, -8,770, and the losses run to warm states. Florida takes the most departures; Texas is second. Ohio, Illinois and Indiana swap households with Michigan, and the Illinois arrivals report incomes far above the median. Departing households average $77,943 against $74,145 arriving. Consistent with retirees leaving for Florida and Chicago professionals buying cheaper houses in Oakland County or the lakeshore, not a factory-closing exodus.

  • All Michigan migration flows →
  • State-by-state migration →

Where should you live in Michigan?

By composite score, the best of the 24 Michigan cities we track are Troy (69.5), Rochester Hills (68.7), and Royal Oak (68.6). Battle Creek is the cheapest (cost index 90.5), Rochester Hills the richest ($120,694), and Grand Rapids the fastest growing (+0.9% a year). City ranks are among the 24 Michigan cities we cover, not every city in the state.

Standout cities in Michigan

Best forCityMeasure
SafestRochester Hills62 violent crimes per 100K
CheapestBattle Creekcost of living index 90.5
Most walkableAnn Arborwalkability 13.5 of 20
Cleanest airLansingmedian AQI 38 (county)
Best schoolsFarmington Hills94.2% graduation rate
RichestRochester Hills$120,694

Among the 24 Michigan cities we track. Safest uses a full year of FBI reports from the city's own police agency; air quality is measured by county, so cities in the same county share a reading.

Editor's note

Regions of Michigan

Metro Detroit (Wayne, Oakland, Macomb)

Half the state's people; Oakland County suburbs have the incomes and schools, Macomb has the plants, Wayne has Detroit, the cheapest houses and the highest crime.

DetroitDearbornDearborn HeightsWestlandTaylorLivoniaTroyRochester HillsNoviFarmington HillsSouthfieldPontiacSterling HeightsWarren
Ann Arbor and Washtenaw County

The university town; the most expensive housing in the state, the shortest commutes and a job market that runs on the hospital rather than the plant.

Ann Arbor
West Michigan (Grand Rapids and the lakeshore)

Grand Rapids is the steadier economy and the faster-growing metro; the Lake Michigan beach towns to its west are pricey and the winters bring heavy lake-effect snow.

Grand RapidsWyoming
Lansing, Flint and Kalamazoo

State government, Michigan State, Western Michigan and the old GM towns; the cheapest tracked housing in the state and crime rates that change block by block.

LansingFlintKalamazoo
Northern Michigan and the Upper Peninsula

Forests, cabins, snowmobile season and two-lane roads; cheap land, thin jobs, long winters and the longest drives to a hospital in the state.

All 24 tracked cities, best to worst

#CityGradeScorePopulationIncomeViolent / 100KCost index
1Troy
A+
69.587,898$120,04593100.3
2Rochester Hills
A+
68.777,089$120,69462100.3
3Royal Oak
A+
68.657,950$101,109153100.3
4Novi
A+
68.566,717$110,72397100.3
5Farmington Hills
A
65.883,515$104,836144100.3
6Ann Arbor
A
64.7122,036$82,212297100.9
7Livonia
A
64.493,851$98,460217100.3
8St. Clair Shores
B
57.958,140$73,500233100.3
9Sterling Heights
B
56.9133,573$79,909220100.3
10Wyoming
B
55.977,353$73,67745995.5
11Dearborn
C+
54.8107,423$65,324249100.3
12Westland
C+
54.183,633$62,076424100.3
13Kentwood
C+
53.854,296$74,37358395.5
14Southfield
C
51.276,236$68,166585100.3
15Grand Rapids
C
50.9198,535$69,10889495.5
16Dearborn Heights
C
50.861,771$60,391387100.3
17Warren
C
49.4137,928$64,016497100.3
18Taylor
D
45.362,081$61,081749100.3
19Lansing
D
45.0113,023$54,3821,33795
20Battle Creek
F
42.352,374$55,6931,05590.5
21Kalamazoo
F
40.773,076$52,2721,08494.8
22Pontiac
F
38.162,104$44,329820100.3
23Flint
F
32.680,175$37,6461,09793
24Detroit
F
32.4638,530$39,9381,654100.3

Swipe the table sideways for more columns. Rank is among the 24 Michigan cities we track: every city of 50,000 or more, plus the state's other largest places. City scores use city-level Census, FBI, BLS, CDC, EPA and NCES data, and a category with no city data is left out of the score rather than filled with the state's figure.

Best cities in Michigan for…

#CityScoreEducationSafetyAffordability
1Novi71.663.096.758.6
2Troy71.262.494.260.4
3Rochester Hills70.458.198.360.4
4Royal Oak69.768.491.767.0
5Farmington Hills69.468.792.063.8
All Michigan cities for families →Best states for families →
  • All 1,312 cities →

Who is Michigan best for?

The same 11 category scores, re-weighted for six kinds of household. Rank is among the 50 states; click through for the best Michigan cities for each.

Families
#41of 50
Best Michigan cities →
Retirees
#30of 50
Best Michigan cities →
Remote Workers
#43of 50
Best Michigan cities →
Young Professionals
#47of 50
Best Michigan cities →
Small Business
#45of 50
Best Michigan cities →
Outdoor Enthusiasts
#32of 50
Best Michigan cities →
Michigan fits
  • Buyers who want a real house on one income: income needed to buy the typical home is $73,945, 26% below the national average.
  • Engineers and skilled trades tied to autos: Detroit-Warren-Dearborn pays well for the region, and typical rent there is $1,524.
  • People who want lake and forest access without western prices: 13.4% of the state is public, #18.
Michigan does not fit
  • Anyone whose income rides the auto cycle and can't absorb a layoff: unemployment is 1.3 points above the national average.
  • Remote workers looking for a young, growing city: Michigan ranks #43 for them and population growth is +0.28%.
  • Drivers on a tight budget: no-fault auto insurance premiums are among the country's highest, and only 1% of commuters have found an alternative.

Weights differ by household: families lean on education, safety and housing; retirees on fiscal health, healthcare and cost. See the weights →

How does Michigan compare with its neighbors?

Michigan ranks #45. Among its bordering states, Wisconsin ranks highest (#11) and Ohio lowest (#33). Ohio is the most similar on the composite score and Wisconsin the most different. Bordering states are listed best to worst; the national line is the mean of the 50 states.

StateOverallScoreMedian incomeTypical homeCost indexViolent crimeTax burdenCompare
Michigan#4542.7$72,389$266,29296.24168.25%
Wisconsin#1170.6$77,488$339,69994.12408.31%Compare →
Indiana#2259.2$71,959$260,09593.32549.09%Compare →
Ohio#3352.1$72,212$248,80392.82769.36%Compare →
United States—57.9$80,903$368,6971003288.74%

Overall rank, median income, cost index and tax burden columns are shown on wider screens.

People also compare
Michigan vs. Florida →Michigan vs. Illinois →
Other Midwest states
  • South Dakota#3
  • North Dakota#5
  • Nebraska#10
  • Minnesota#12
  • Iowa#14
  • Kansas#27
  • Missouri#34
  • Illinois#39
Editor's note

Toledo is the seam: the Ohio line runs through a shared metro, and the trade is Ohio's municipal income taxes against Michigan's uncapped property bills. The Upper Peninsula is closer to Green Bay than to Lansing, so its border is Wisconsin's. Indiana pulls Michigan factory workers south with cheaper car insurance.

  • Compare Michigan with any state →

How the score works

Eleven categories, each scored 0–100 and weighted into one composite. Grades follow rank.

The weights

Economy 15% · Safety 12% · Health 12% · Education 12% · Affordability 10% · Fiscal Health 8% · Growth 7% · Transportation 7% · Livability 7% · Outdoor Access 6% · Environment 4%. The composite is the weighted sum, stretched linearly so states spread across most of the 0–100 range.

From raw numbers to scores

Every raw measure is placed on a 0–100 scale between a fixed floor and ceiling, inverted where lower is better (crime, cost, taxes), then combined within its category. The same scale applies to every state.

Letter grades

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. A C+ state is not failing; it is in the middle third.

Cities, budgets and neighbors

The 24 Michigan city scores, the household budgets and the neighbor table on this page are computed from the same sources as the state score. City ranks are among the cities we track, not all cities in the state.

Editor's notes

Passages marked as editor's notes are written for this state and add context the numbers cannot: regions, tradeoffs, who the state fits. Every figure inside them is pulled from the data at build time, so the words cannot drift from the numbers.

Always the latest release

Each source is the most recent release its agency has published. The page is rebuilt when a source updates, so the score can move without any change in the state itself.

What the score cannot tell you

Weather and climate, culture and pace, politics beyond the Cook index shown for context, the quality of a specific school, hospital or neighborhood, job prospects in your field, and anything without a public, comparable, 50-state source. Statewide averages also hide the metro-versus-rural split, which is why the editor's notes name places.

Category briefs

Economy: Unemployment rate and median household income. Safety: Violent and property crime rates per 100,000 residents. Health: Health outcomes, behaviors, and access to care. Education: K-12 school quality, test scores, and graduation rates. Full methodology →

Key takeaways

What the Michigan numbers say when read together.

  1. 01

    Affordability is Michigan's strongest suit

    Michigan is a #45 state overall but #22 of 50 for affordability, 23 places better than its composite rank, with a score of 73.3 against a national average of 65.2. Environment (#23) is next. Affordability carries 10% of the composite.

  2. 02

    Economy is where Michigan falls furthest behind

    Michigan ranks #50 of 50 for economy, 5 places below its overall #45, with a score of 21.9 against a national average of 47.1. At 15% of the composite, it is the category holding the overall score down most.

  3. 03

    Typical home value is 28% below the national average

    Michigan's typical home value is $266,292, 28% below the national average of $368,697, #12 of 50 (1 = cheapest). The largest gap in the other direction is unemployment rate: 5.2%, 1.3 points above the national average. Source: Zillow Research ZHVI, latest release.

  4. 04

    More households leave than arrive

    Michigan ranks #38 of 50 on net household flow per 1,000 residents (-0.9). The households arriving report $3,798 less in average income than those leaving ($74,145 against $77,943), so the state is trading down on income even as the headcount shrinks. Florida is both the largest source and the largest destination.

  5. 05

    A middle income is squeezed less here than in most states

    A family of four earning $75,000 ends the year at a $5,634 shortfall after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transport and taxes, against a $11,758 shortfall in the median state (#17 of 50). A single adult on the same income comes out at a $34,427 surplus; a retiree couple at a $39,007 surplus. Infant childcare runs $14,064 a year, 10% below the national average.

  6. 06

    Every bordering state outranks Michigan

    All 3 of Michigan's bordering states rank above its #45; the closest match on the composite is Ohio. Median income among them runs from $71,959 in Indiana to $77,488 in Wisconsin; Michigan is at $72,389.

Editor's note

The tradeoff

+Home price to income is 3.7x, #15, so a median earner can own here.

−Unemployment of 5.2% is #48, and auto layoffs tend to arrive all at once.

+Sales tax is 6% with no local add-ons and no tax on groceries.

−Electricity costs 20.01 cents per kWh, 12% above the national average, and no-fault auto insurance runs high.

+Public land covers 13.4% of the state, and nobody lives more than a few hours from a Great Lake.

−Winters are long, gray and snowy on the west side, and the state ranks #41 on livability.

Frequently asked questions about living in Michigan

Is Michigan a good place to live?

Michigan ranks #45 of 50 with a D grade, #12 of 12 in the Midwest. It is bottom 10 in growth, livability, education, and economy. On the six headline measures it beats the national figure on 3 of 6 (home prices, cost of living, and tax burden) and trails on income, violent crime, and unemployment. Whether that adds up to a good place to live depends on what you weigh; the household rankings below re-weight the same numbers for families, retirees and remote workers.

Where does Michigan rank among US states?

Michigan ranks #45 of 50 overall with a composite score of 42.7 (grade D), and #12 of 12 states in the Midwest. Its best category rank is #22 (affordability) and its worst #50 (economy). The composite weights eleven categories, with economy, safety, health and education counting most; grades follow rank, so D means rank 43–48.

Is it expensive to live in Michigan?

At #24 of 50 for cost of living (1 = cheapest), Michigan is 4% below the national average: its index is 96.2 against a national baseline of 100. The typical home value is $266,292 (28% below the national average), and buying it takes an income of about $73,945 against a median household income of $72,389. At $75,000, a family of four comes out at a $5,634 shortfall after all costs, #17 of 50 (1 = most left over).

Does Michigan have a state income tax?

Yes. Michigan's top state income tax rate is 6.65% (#36 of 50, 1 = lowest), and the total state and local tax burden is 8.25% of income, 0.5 points below the national average. Property tax is 1.35% of home value and combined sales tax 6%.

What is the crime rate in Michigan?

Michigan reports 416 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 27% above the national average and #40 of 50 (1 = safest), and 1,259 property crimes per 100,000, 18% below the national average (#13). Its safety score is 63.9 out of 100, #31 of 50. Figures are FBI estimates from the latest release.

Does Michigan have good schools?

Michigan is #44 of 50 for education (score 42.2 out of 100). Its public school students average 270 in eighth-grade math on NAEP (#31) and 255 in eighth-grade reading (#33), and the high school graduation rate is 81%, 4.6 points below the national average (#45). Among tracked cities with at least three schools, Farmington Hills has the highest graduation rate at 94.2%.

Why are people leaving Michigan?

Michigan lost a net 8,770 households in the latest IRS release: 71,800 moved in and 80,570 moved out, -0.9 per 1,000 residents (#38 of 50). The largest source of arrivals is Florida (8,263 households) and the most common destination is Florida (10,659). Arriving households report an average income of $74,145 against $77,943 for those leaving, so movers out earn more than movers in. The IRS files count tax returns and say nothing about motives.

Is Michigan a red or blue state?

Michigan is an even split on the Cook Partisan Voting Index. The political lean is shown for context and is not part of the composite score.

Why is housing so cheap in Michigan?

Because Michigan lost people while the country gained them, and the houses stayed. Population growth is +0.28%, #35, and Detroit has room for many more residents. The cheapness is concentrated: Detroit, Flint and Pontiac pull the state figure down, while Oakland County and Ann Arbor cost what suburbs cost. Prices are now climbing, +4% in a year, 2.8 points above the national average, where supply is tight.

What is the weather like in Michigan year-round?

Four real seasons, two of them short. Summers are warm and humid, and the lakes keep the shoreline cooler. Winter runs December into March in the south and longer north, with heavy lake-effect snow on the west side from Grand Rapids to Traverse City and in the Upper Peninsula. Metro Detroit is grayer than it is snowy. Spring arrives late and muddy.

Is Michigan a good place to retire?

Middling, #30 of 50, depending on whether you'll winter here. Social Security isn't taxed, retirement income is partly exempt, and a retiree couple at $75,000 ends the year at a $39,007 surplus, #19. Uncapping means a retirement house costs more in tax than the listing suggests. Health access is strong near Ann Arbor and Grand Rapids, thin up north. Florida is where Michigan retirees keep going.

Do I need a car in Michigan?

Yes, almost everywhere, and you'll insure it under no-fault rules that make premiums among the country's highest. 1% of commuters use transit statewide; Detroit's DDOT and SMART buses and Ann Arbor's system are the only networks people rely on daily, and the QLine streetcar is short. Mean commute is 24.3 minutes, 0.9 minutes below the national average. Winter driving on lake-effect roads is a skill you'll learn or avoid.

Is Michigan cheaper than Ohio?

Not quite. Michigan's cost index is 96.2 against Ohio's lower one, and Ohio's typical home is a bit cheaper. Michigan pays more, though: median income is $72,389, above Ohio's, and Michigan's tax burden of 8.25% is lower because sales tax is 6% with no local add-ons. Ohio wins on electricity, Michigan on natural gas. On unemployment Ohio is clearly better.

All the numbers

Every metric behind Michigan's 11 category scores, with the national figure beside each. Pick a category.

Median Household Income
$72,389
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: $80,903
Unemployment Rate
5.2%
BLS LAUS · Nat'l avg: 3.9%
Population Growth
+0.28%
Census, year over year · Nat'l avg: +0.5%
21.9Economy Score · National avg: 47.1
Violent Crime Rate
416.2
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 313
Property Crime Rate
1,258.5
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 1,475
63.9Safety Score · National avg: 68.9
Life Expectancy
76.8 yr
CDC NCHS · Nat'l avg: 76.9 yr
Adults With Obesity
36.1%
CDC BRFSS · Nat'l avg: 34%
Uninsured
5.1%
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 7.6%
55.4Health Score · National avg: 54.4
HS Graduation Rate
81%
EDFacts · Nat'l avg: 85.6%
NAEP Math, 8th Grade
270
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 273
NAEP Reading, 8th Grade
255
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 257
42.2Education Score · National avg: 57.5
GDP Per Capita
$55,326
BEA · Nat'l avg: $64,333
GDP Growth Rate
+1.8%
Real, year over year · Nat'l avg: +1.9%
Credit Rating
AA
S&P / Moody's, latest
Fiscal Score
56.2
of 100 · Nat'l avg: 58.1
Budget Balance
+4.3%
Surplus · % of revenue · NASBO
State Debt Per Capita
$3,180
Census state finances · Nat'l avg: $3,506
Rainy Day Fund
13.5%
of expenditures · Pew Fiscal 50
Pension Funded Ratio
68%
Pew · Nat'l avg: 74.3%
Tax Burden
8.25%
of income · Nat'l avg: 8.74%
Income Tax Rate
6.65%
Top rate, state + local
Property Tax Rate
1.35%
Effective rate · Nat'l avg: 1.02%
Sales Tax Rate
6%
State + local avg · Nat'l avg: 6.66%
56.2Fiscal Health Score · National avg: 58.1
Typical Home Value
$266,292
Latest month · Nat'l avg: $383,360
Cost of Living Index
96.2
BEA Regional Price Parity · National = 100
Price-to-Income Ratio
3.7x
Home value ÷ median income · Nat'l avg: 4.6x
Electricity
20.01¢/kWh
EIA
Natural Gas
$10.92/Mcf
EIA
Gasoline
$3.1/gal
EIA
Infant Care (Center)
$14,064/yr
Child Care Aware of America
Goods Prices
96
BEA price level for goods · US = 100
73.3Affordability Score · National avg: 65.2
Air Quality Index
40
EPA annual median · Nat'l avg: 38.8
Renewable Energy
13%
EIA, % of electricity · Nat'l avg: 29%
Natural Disaster Risk
10.5
FEMA NRI per capita · Nat'l avg: 30
42.0Environment Score · National avg: 42.5
Public Land
13.4%
of state area · USGS PAD-US
Recreation Facilities
2.01
per 10K residents · Census CBP
Park Acreage per Capita
0.07
NPS acres per resident
17.8Outdoor Access Score · National avg: 29.4
Mean Commute Time
24.3 min
Mean travel time to work · Census ACS
60+ Min Commute
6.1%
of workers · Census ACS
Drive Alone
75.6%
of commuters · Census ACS
Public Transit Use
1%
of commuters · Census ACS
Walk / Bicycle
2.3%
active commuters · Census ACS
Work From Home
11.2%
of workers · Census ACS
Vehicle Miles Traveled
9,868
per capita · FHWA
Carpool Rate
8.6%
of commuters · Census ACS
49.4Transportation Score · National avg: 49.8
Restaurants per 1K
1.673
Census County Business Patterns
Arts & Entertainment
0.018
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Social Associations
0.078
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Bars & Breweries
0.127
per 1K residents · Census CBP
24.7Livability Score · National avg: 34.3
Net Domestic Migration
+0.2
per 1,000 residents · Nat'l avg: +1.1
Migration Trend
Gaining
More people moving in than out
Broadband Subscription
92.8%
Households, any type · Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 92.7%
Households Moving In
71.8K
Top origin: Florida
Households Moving Out
80.6K
Top destination: Florida
24.3Growth Score · National avg: 38.8

Also consulted for the Michigan editor's notes

  • Michigan Department of Treasury, changes in ownership and uncapping of property ↗