50
States ranked
1,312
Cities scored
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11
Scoring categories
America’s Dashboard

America's Dashboard ranks and scores all 50 US states and1,312 cities using real government data. Compare economy, safety, health, education, affordability, and more — free, transparent, and updated with the latest federal statistics.

Updated as each source publishes its latest release

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Data sources

Rankings are computed from publicly available federal and state government datasets, supplemented by a handful of published indexes (such as the Tax Foundation, Child Care Aware of America and Zillow Research). Figures are used as each source publishes them, including the FBI's own state crime estimates; nothing is synthetic or modeled by us, and every source is cited below.

  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, LAUS annual averages·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, estimated crimes by state·
  • CDC NCHS U.S. State Life Tables·
  • CDC BRFSS·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS (table S2701)·
  • NAEP, The Nation's Report Card·
  • EDFacts adjusted cohort graduation rate (NCES)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates·
  • Cook Political Report, PVI·
  • Tax Foundation, Facts & Figures·
  • ALEC Rich States Poor States·
  • WalletHub Tax Burden Study·
  • Zillow Research, Zillow Home Value Index·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities·
  • EPA AirData, Median AQI by County·
  • EIA State Electricity Profiles·
  • FEMA National Risk Index·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, Net Domestic Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS Broadband Subscriptions·
  • National Park Service API·
  • USGS Protected Areas Database (PAD-US)·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 1-year Commuting·
  • FHWA Highway Statistics·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns·
  • EIA residential electricity prices·
  • EIA State Energy Data System, motor gasoline prices·
  • EIA Natural Gas Prices, residential·
  • Child Care Aware of America, Price & Supply·
  • Tax Foundation, State Income Tax Rates and Brackets·
  • BEA Regional Price Parities, goods·
  • NCES Common Core of Data (CCD)·
  • EDFacts ACGR Graduation Rates·
  • NCES School District Finance Survey (F-33)·
  • BEA GDP by State (SAGDP9)·
  • NASBO Fiscal Survey of States·
  • Census Bureau State Government Finances·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts Fiscal 50·
  • Pew Charitable Trusts, State Pension Funding·
  • S&P/Moody's via Ballotpedia·
  • Bureau of Labor Statistics, OES·
  • IRS Statistics of Income, State-to-State Migration·
  • U.S. Census Bureau, ACS State-to-State Migration Flows·
  • Zillow Research, Home Values, Rents & Market Metrics·
  • FBI Crime Data Explorer, city police agency reports·
  • CDC PLACES, city health estimates·
  • NOAA U.S. Climate Normals·
  • EPA National Walkability Index
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Home/States/Virginia

2026 edition·South·Pop. 8,880,107·Capital Richmond·10th state, admitted 1788·Cook PVI D+5

Is Virginia a Good Place to Live? Virginia Rankings, Cost of Living, Crime & Taxes

Virginia ranks #15 of 50 with a composite score of 67.7 and a B+ grade, strongest in economy (#7) and weakest in livability (#35). The median household earns $92,090 (14% above the national median), homes typically cost $414,662 (12% above the national average), and violent crime is 206 per 100,000 (37% below the national average).

Editor's verdict
Northern Virginia delivers the state's economy rank of #7, and violent crime of 206 per hundred thousand (37% below the national average) holds up beyond the Beltway. The catch is a family of four at $75,000 left with a $21,950 shortfall, driven by Northern Virginia housing and childcare at $17,264, numbers that do not apply in Lynchburg or Roanoke.
Compare Virginia with its neighbors →Best cities in Virginia →How the score works →
Composite score
67.7B+
#15 of 50 · #1 in the South
Top 10 in
Economy #7
Middle of the pack
Safety #13, Education #14, Environment #15, Health #17, Growth #19, Fiscal Health #20, Transportation #29, Outdoor Access #30, Affordability #34, Livability #35
NumbersNumbersScorecardScoresCostCostTaxesTaxesSafetySafetyJobsJobsSchools & healthSchoolsMovingMovingCitiesCitiesBest forBest forNeighborsNeighborsFAQFAQ
Top ↑

Virginia by the numbers

Six measures every state is judged on, each with Virginia's rank of 50 and the national figure beside it.

Median household income
$92,090
#12 of 50, 1 = highest · US $80,903
Typical home value
$414,662
#32 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US $368,697
Cost of living index
101.1
#36 of 50, 1 = cheapest · US 100
Violent crime per 100K
206
#8 of 50, 1 = safest · US 328
Unemployment rate
3.4%
#12 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 3.95%
Total tax burden
8.86%
#28 of 50, 1 = lowest · US 8.74%

Sources, latest releases: Census Bureau ACS (income), Zillow Research (home value), BEA Regional Price Parities (cost index), FBI state crime estimates (crime), BLS LAUS (unemployment), WalletHub tax burden study (taxes). Rank 1 is the best value in each measure: highest income, lowest cost, lowest crime.

→Read the Virginia overview

Virginia scores above the national average in 7 of 11 categories and ranks #1 of 14 states in the South, behind no other state in the region. Its biggest edge over the country is violent crime rate (206, 37% below the national average); its biggest shortfall is typical home value ($414,662, 12% above the national average). With 1 top-10 finish and no bottom-10 category, its weaknesses are relative, not absolute.

What stands out
  • Northern Virginia is the federal contracting capital: the Pentagon, the intelligence agencies, Amazon's second headquarters in Arlington and the data centers of Loudoun County.
  • Violent crime of 206 per hundred thousand ranks #8, unusual for a state with two metro areas above a million people.
  • Hampton Roads holds the largest naval base on earth plus the Newport News shipyard, a second economy running on Navy paychecks, not contracts.

Where does Virginia rank in each category?

All 11 categories that make up the composite, heaviest weight first. Virginia is top 10 in 1 and bottom 10 in 0.

CategoryScoreRankGradeWeightUS avgThe numbers behind it
Economy64.6#7 of 50A15%47.1Its unemployment rate is 3.4% and median household income is $92,090.
Safety79.3#13 of 50B+12%68.9The FBI estimates 205.9 violent crimes and 1,353.5 property crimes per 100,000 residents.
Health61.4#17 of 50B+12%54.4Life expectancy is 77.5 years, 32.3% of adults have obesity, and 6.9% of residents are uninsured.
Education65.4#14 of 50B+12%57.5Eighth graders average 275 in NAEP math and 256 in reading, and the high school graduation rate is 89.1%.
Affordability60.5#34 of 50C+10%65.2Typical home value $414,662 (4.5x median income); cost of living index 101.1 (100 = US); center-based infant care $17,264 a year.
Fiscal Health62.8#20 of 50B8%58.1It carries $2,830 of debt per resident, has 80% of pensions funded, and holds a AAA credit rating.
Growth45.1#19 of 50B7%38.8Population grew 0.69% last year; Census net domestic migration is +0.7 per 1,000 residents (the Moving section below uses IRS household counts, a different series).
Transportation47.8#29 of 50C+7%49.8The average commute is 28.3 minutes, 3% of workers use public transit, and 15.8% work from home.
Livability27.3#35 of 50C7%34.3It has 1.795 restaurants and 0.021 arts venues per 1,000 residents, plus 0.024 bars and 0.07 social associations per 1,000.
Outdoor Access20.1#30 of 50C+6%29.410.5% of its land is public, with 2.59 recreation facilities per 10,000 residents.
Environment48.0#15 of 50B+4%42.5Its median air quality index is 37, 10% of its electricity is renewable, and its FEMA disaster risk score is 5.5.

Weight, US average and the evidence sentence for each category are shown on wider screens.

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. US avg is the mean score of the 50 states. Click a category for its 50-state ranking.

Category shape

Virginia's 11 category scores. A balanced state fills the wheel evenly; Virginia bulges toward economy and dips at livability.

How expensive is Virginia?

Virginia's cost of living index is 101.1 against a national baseline of 100, 1% above the national average and #36 of 50 (1 = cheapest). The typical home is worth $414,662 (12% above the national average); buying it takes an income of about $109,920, $17,830 more than the median household earns. Inside the state the spread is wide: among tracked cities, Lynchburg is cheapest (index 89.4) and Leesburg priciest (108.9).

Housing market snapshot · August

Cool market
Typical home value
$414,662
+2.2% in 1 yr · +23.4% in 5 yr · national $369K
Mortgage payment
$2,133/mo
P&I, 20% down, current rates
Income needed
$110K
median earns $92K (+19%)
Rent, Washington
$2,433/mo
renting cheaper by $517 vs. a $2,950 metro payment
Price cuts · days
27% · 39
national 26% · 53 days

Ranked #19 of 50 most expensive by typical value and #28 on price relative to income (1 = most affordable). The median household is $17,830 short of the income needed to buy the typical home.

Full Virginia housing market: 26-year chart, rent vs. buy, cities →

What a household keeps at $75,000

HouseholdVirginiaMedian stateRank
Family of fourTwo adults, two kids, one in daycare−$21,950−$11,758#34 of 50
Single adultOne-bedroom rent, no childcare+$28,402+$31,418#33 of 50
Retiree coupleOwn the home, no payroll tax+$32,263+$35,970#32 of 50

Take-home pay minus housing, childcare, utilities, groceries and transport for a $75,000 household, from the affordability engine. Positive = money left over; negative = costs exceed take-home. Rank 1 = most left over.

Electricity price
15.28¢/kWh
#24 of 50 · US 17.84¢/kWh
Natural gas price
$16.79/Mcf
#32 of 50 · US $15.83/Mcf
Gasoline price
$3.09/gal
#14 of 50 · US $3.32/gal
Price level for goods
100.4
#40 of 50 · US 100
Center-based infant care, per year
$17,264
#33 of 50 · US $15,633
Editor's note

Virginia costs 1% above the national average overall, but the state is two price lists. Arlington, McLean and Reston carry Washington-metro rents of $2,433 (#44 cheapest) and childcare of $17,264, #33. Lynchburg, Roanoke and Harrisonburg run well under the national average. The bills newcomers to Northern Virginia miss are the annual car tax, tolls on the express lanes, and HOA dues in Loudoun and Prince William subdivisions. A family of four earning $75,000 is left with a $21,950 shortfall, $10,192 below the national median; the same family in Richmond's west end does far better.

  • Run your own budget for Virginia →
  • Virginia housing market →
  • Housing rankings →

What are taxes like in Virginia?

Virginia's tax mix is low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack. The total state and local tax burden comes to 8.86% of income, 0.1 points above the national average (#28 of 50, 1 = lightest). Property tax is 0.76% of home value (#18), and combined sales tax averages 5.77% (#10).

Total tax burden
8.86%
#28 of 50 · US 8.74%
Top income tax rate
5.75%
#29 of 50 · US avg 5.46%
Effective property tax
0.76%
#18 of 50 · US 1.02%
Combined sales tax
5.77%
#10 of 50 · US 6.66%

Tax Foundation (rates) and WalletHub tax burden study (burden as a share of income), latest releases. Rank 1 = lowest. Income tax is the top marginal rate including typical local taxes where they apply.

Can the state pay its bills?

Credit rating
AAA
S&P / Moody's
Rainy-day fund
8.9%
of spending · #31 of 50
Pensions funded
80%
of obligations · #15 of 50
Debt per resident
$2,830
state debt · #24 of 50

Fiscal health scores 62.8 out of 100, #20 of 50. Pew Fiscal 50, Census state finances and the rating agencies, latest releases.

Editor's note

Virginia's mix is low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack, with a top income rate of 5.75% that starts low, so nearly everyone pays it. The quirk is the personal property tax on cars, billed yearly by the locality, a line item for a two-truck household. For a retiree, Social Security is not taxed and an age deduction phases out as income rises, while pensions and withdrawals are taxed like wages. A high earner does better than in Maryland, worse than in Tennessee. Homeowners pay 0.76%, below the national 1.02%.

  • Fiscal health rankings →
  • Best states for retirees →

Is Virginia safe?

Virginia reports 206 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 37% below the national average and #8 of 50 (1 = safest). Property crime runs 1,354 per 100,000, 12% below the national average (#18 of 50). The safety score is 79.3 out of 100, #13 of 50; among tracked cities, Virginia Beach has the lowest violent crime rate.

Virginia vs. the United States, per 100,000 residents

Violent crime#8 of 50
VA
206
US
328
Property crime#18 of 50
VA
1,354
US
1,535

FBI state crime estimates, latest release. US is the mean of the 50 states; blue = below it, terracotta = above it. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because their latest year is based on limited data.

Safest tracked cities in Virginia

CityPopulationViolent / 100KProperty / 100K
Virginia Beach456,3491001,485
Alexandria156,9761421,654
Harrisonburg51,3922111,401
Hampton137,5572762,878
Chesapeake252,5833191,478

Lowest violent crime among the 20 Virginia cities we track with 50,000 or more residents. City rates come from each city's police agency and are not strictly comparable across agencies.

Editor's note

Virginia's violent crime rate of 206 per hundred thousand is 37% below the national average, #8, and property crime of 1,354 is 12% below the national average. Crime concentrates in the older Hampton Roads cities, Richmond and Roanoke, not the suburbs. Virginia Beach posts the lowest violent crime among tracked cities despite its size, and the Northern Virginia suburbs sit near it. Comparing Norfolk with Virginia Beach, or Richmond with Chesterfield County, means different numbers within a short drive.

  • Safety rankings →
  • Best states for families →

What is the job market like in Virginia?

Virginia's unemployment rate is 3.4%, 0.6 points below the national average and #12 of 50 (1 = lowest), and the median household earns $92,090, 14% above the national median. Real GDP grew +2.3% in the latest year (#17 of 50) and GDP per capita is $66,440, 3% above the national average. The population is growing 0.69% a year, 0.2 points above the national average. The economy score is 64.6 out of 100, #7 of 50.

Median household income
$92,090
#12 of 50 · US $80,903
Unemployment rate
3.4%
#12 of 50 · US 3.95%
GDP per capita
$66,440
#18 of 50 · US $64,333
Real GDP growth
+2.3%
#17 of 50 · US +1.91%
Population growth
+0.69%
#15 of 50 · US +0.51%

Census Bureau ACS (income), BLS LAUS (unemployment), BEA (GDP), Census population estimates (growth), latest releases.

Highest-paying tracked occupations in Virginia, adjusted for cost of living

OccupationCost-adjustedMedian wageMetro
Family Medicine Physicians$266,202$268,864Washington-Arlington-Alexandria
Lawyers$176,216$177,978Washington-Arlington-Alexandria
Software Developers$161,842$163,460Washington-Arlington-Alexandria
Computer Systems Analysts$126,383$127,647Washington-Arlington-Alexandria
General & Operations Managers$123,302$124,535Washington-Arlington-Alexandria

BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release, for the 20 occupations we track. Cost-adjusted wage divides the metro median by its cost of living index.

Editor's note

Federal spending is the biggest employer, directly and through contractors, concentrated in the Washington suburbs. The Washington-Arlington-Alexandria metro pays family medicine physicians a median $268,864, the best cost-adjusted figure in the state. Loudoun County hosts the world's densest data center cluster. Hampton Roads runs on the Navy, the Newport News shipyard and the port. Richmond has state government, Capital One and Dominion Energy. West of Roanoke the map thins fast: Southwest Virginia is still adjusting to lost coal jobs. Unemployment statewide is 3.4%, #12 lowest.

  • Economy rankings →
  • Wages by occupation and metro →

How are Virginia's schools and healthcare?

Virginia's education score is 65.4 out of 100, #14 of 50. Eighth graders average 275 in NAEP math (#22 of 50) and 256 in reading (#29 of 50), and the high school graduation rate is 89.1%, 3.5 points above the national average (#9 of 50).

Education score
65.4
#14 of 50 · US 57.5
Graduation rate
89.1%
#9 of 50 · US 85.6%
NAEP math, grade 8
275
#22 of 50 · US 273 · grade 4: 238
NAEP reading, grade 8
256
#29 of 50 · US 257 · grade 4: 214

Best public school cities we track, by graduation rate

CityGrad rateStudents / teacherPer pupil
Leesburg95%11.6$19,934
Charlottesville91.7%12.4$19,611
Virginia Beach91%15.1$14,888

NCES Common Core of Data and School District Finance Survey, latest release. Cities with at least three schools.

Editor's note

Virginia ranks #14 for education, and the strongest districts are Fairfax, Loudoun and Arlington. Leesburg, in Loudoun, posts the highest tracked graduation rate. Schools are run by county or independent city, so quality tracks local property wealth closely. Statewide the graduation rate is 89.1%, 3.5 points above the national average. The gap between Northern Virginia and Southside or the coalfields is wide enough that the state figure is background noise.

  • Education rankings →

Virginia is #17 of 50 for health, with a life expectancy of 77.5 years, 0.6 years above the national average. 32.3% of adults have obesity (#16 of 50) and 6.9% of residents have no health insurance (#22 of 50). The health score is 61.4 out of 100, weighted 12% of the composite.

Health score
61.4
#17 of 50 · US 54.4
Life expectancy
77.5 years
#22 of 50 · US 76.9 years
Adults with obesity
32.3%
#16 of 50 · US 34%
Uninsured
6.9%
#22 of 50 · US 7.6%

CDC National Center for Health Statistics (state life tables), CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (obesity), and Census Bureau American Community Survey (health insurance), latest releases.

Editor's note

Virginia ranks #17 for health and life expectancy is 77.5 years, 0.6 years above the national average. Northern Virginia counties post among the longest lifespans anywhere; the far Southwest among the shortest, a decade apart in places. Hospital access follows the same line: Inova, UVA, VCU and Sentara are dense in the east, while Buchanan or Dickenson County residents drive far for specialists. The state expanded Medicaid, widening coverage in those rural counties.

  • Health rankings →

Who is moving to Virginia, and who is leaving?

Virginia's flows are close to even: 135,609 households moved in and 135,188 moved out in the latest IRS release, a net of +421, or 0.0 per 1,000 residents (#26 of 50), too small to call a direction. Arriving households report an average income of $82,327 against $89,328 for those leaving. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, which counts people rather than households, shows a net +1.6K people (265.4K in, 263.8K out, ±21.6K), consistent with the IRS direction.

Households moving in
135,609
top origin Maryland
Households moving out
135,188
top destination North Carolina
Net per 1,000 residents
0.0
#26 of 50 · +421 households
Avg income, arrivals
$82,327
leavers $89,328 · leavers earn more

Where they come from

  1. 1Maryland15,079 · $83,051
  2. 2North Carolina12,599 · $68,808
  3. 3Florida12,414 · $81,753
  4. 4California9,309 · $94,448
  5. 5New York8,124 · $79,675

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households arrived from these states in the latest IRS release.

Where they go

  1. 1North Carolina15,148 · $79,449
  2. 2Florida14,194 · $118,663
  3. 3Maryland13,353 · $87,911
  4. 4Texas9,124 · $90,894
  5. 5California8,264 · $92,364

Households and their average income. Click a state to compare it head to head; households left for these states in the latest IRS release.

Editor's note

Virginia's flows are a wash: 135,609 in, 135,188 out, a net of +421. Maryland sends the most arrivals and North Carolina takes the most departures. Departing households average $89,328 against $82,327 for arrivals, consistent with retirees and senior federal workers leaving Northern Virginia for the cheaper Carolinas and no-income-tax Florida while younger households arrive for jobs. Within the state the same pattern runs: Loudoun and Stafford grow, the Southwest shrinks.

  • All Virginia migration flows →
  • State-by-state migration →

Where should you live in Virginia?

By composite score, the best of the 20 Virginia cities we track are Reston (75.8), Arlington (75), and McLean (72.6). Lynchburg is the cheapest (cost index 89.4), McLean the richest ($250,001), and Suffolk the fastest growing (+1.6% a year). City ranks are among the 20 Virginia cities we cover, not every city in the state.

Standout cities in Virginia

Best forCityMeasure
SafestVirginia Beach100 violent crimes per 100K
CheapestLynchburgcost of living index 89.4
Most walkableHarrisonburgwalkability 14.9 of 20
Cleanest airLynchburgmedian AQI 30 (county)
Best schoolsLeesburg95% graduation rate
RichestMcLean$250,001

Among the 20 Virginia cities we track. Safest uses a full year of FBI reports from the city's own police agency; air quality is measured by county, so cities in the same county share a reading.

Editor's note

Regions of Virginia

Northern Virginia (Fairfax, Arlington, Loudoun, Prince William)

Federal contracting, data centers and the state's highest incomes and rents; Metro reaches Reston and Ashburn, and the schools are the draw for families.

ArlingtonMcLeanRestonAlexandriaCentrevilleLeesburgDale City
Hampton Roads

Navy towns on the water: Virginia Beach and Chesapeake are the suburbs, Norfolk and Newport News the older cores; humid, flat, flood-prone, and far cheaper than the north.

Virginia BeachChesapeakeNorfolkNewport NewsHamptonPortsmouthSuffolk
Richmond and Central Virginia

State government, banking and a growing food scene at moderate prices; Tuckahoe and the west end are where families land; Charlottesville is its own pricey university town.

RichmondTuckahoeCharlottesville
Shenandoah Valley

Harrisonburg, poultry, colleges and the interstate between the Blue Ridge and the Alleghenies; cooler, drier and cheaper than anything east of the mountains.

Harrisonburg
Roanoke, Lynchburg and the Southwest

Roanoke is the mountain city, Lynchburg the cheapest tracked one; past them the coalfields of Southwest Virginia have the lowest incomes and thinnest broadband in the state.

RoanokeLynchburg

All 20 tracked cities, best to worst

#CityGradeScorePopulationIncomeViolent / 100KCost index
1Reston
A+
75.864,414$148,710—108.9
2Arlington
A+
75.0236,254$142,114—108.9
3McLean
A+
72.649,627$250,001—108.9
4Centreville
A+
71.571,706$139,510—108.9
5Leesburg
A+
69.749,171$145,205237108.9
6Alexandria
A+
68.9156,976$119,681142108.9
7Charlottesville
A
63.345,437$74,82427799.1
8Virginia Beach
A
63.1456,349$92,96810097.9
9Tuckahoe
B+
61.849,183$102,264—97.9
10Chesapeake
B+
59.4252,583$95,37331997.9
11Harrisonburg
B+
59.451,392$62,25421194.9
12Lynchburg
B+
58.879,497$57,94736189.4
13Dale City
B
57.271,016$111,994—108.9
14Richmond
B
56.5229,359$64,58744197.9
15Suffolk
B
56.098,796$92,66636597.9
16Hampton
C+
55.0137,557$69,62127697.9
17Norfolk
C+
54.1233,596$66,10939997.9
18Roanoke
C+
53.498,355$55,37855493.6
19Newport News
C
52.0184,216$69,63479497.9
20Portsmouth
D
48.497,190$60,49177397.9

Swipe the table sideways for more columns. Rank is among the 20 Virginia cities we track: every city of 50,000 or more, plus the state's other largest places. City scores use city-level Census, FBI, BLS, CDC, EPA and NCES data, and a category with no city data is left out of the score rather than filled with the state's figure.

Best cities in Virginia for…

#CityScoreEducationSafetyAffordability
1Leesburg69.883.880.138.8
2Charlottesville67.978.268.959.0
3Harrisonburg67.864.483.373.7
4Virginia Beach67.763.889.762.1
5Centreville67.471.5—39.8
All Virginia cities for families →Best states for families →
  • All 1,312 cities →

Who is Virginia best for?

The same 11 category scores, re-weighted for six kinds of household. Rank is among the 50 states; click through for the best Virginia cities for each.

Families
#17of 50
Best Virginia cities →
Retirees
#15of 50
Best Virginia cities →
Remote Workers
#16of 50
Best Virginia cities →
Young Professionals
#13of 50
Best Virginia cities →
Small Business
#12of 50
Best Virginia cities →
Outdoor Enthusiasts
#23of 50
Best Virginia cities →
Virginia fits
  • Federal employees and contractors: the top cost-adjusted wage among tracked metros is $268,864 for family medicine physicians in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria.
  • Small-business owners: Virginia ranks #12 for small business, with a state credit rating of AAA and a tax code that rarely moves.
  • Young professionals: #13 for the persona, with 15.8% of workers already remote and Arlington and Richmond both walkable.
Virginia does not fit
  • Anyone counting on rural broadband: 92.8% of households have it, #26 nationally, and the gaps are in the Southwest.
  • Budget families in the Washington suburbs: a family of four at $75,000 is left with a $21,950 shortfall after costs.
  • Retirees living on pension withdrawals: those are taxed at up to 5.75%, and a retiree couple at $75,000 comes out at a $32,263 surplus.

Weights differ by household: families lean on education, safety and housing; retirees on fiscal health, healthcare and cost. See the weights →

How does Virginia compare with its neighbors?

Virginia ranks #15. Among its bordering states, North Carolina ranks highest (#23) and West Virginia lowest (#44). North Carolina is the most similar on the composite score and West Virginia the most different. Bordering states are listed best to worst; the national line is the mean of the 50 states.

StateOverallScoreMedian incomeTypical homeCost indexViolent crimeTax burdenCompare
Virginia#1567.7$92,090$414,662101.12068.86%
North Carolina#2359.1$73,958$334,77394.33308.18%Compare →
Tennessee#2457.1$71,997$334,10891.94926.38%Compare →
Maryland#3153.6$102,905$428,30810535810.04%Compare →
Kentucky#4144.8$64,526$232,57790.22128.93%Compare →
West Virginia#4442.8$60,798$179,49689.52428.85%Compare →
United States—57.9$80,903$368,6971003288.74%

Overall rank, median income, cost index and tax burden columns are shown on wider screens.

People also compare
Virginia vs. Florida →Virginia vs. California →
Other South states
  • Florida#21
  • Georgia#26
  • Texas#32
  • South Carolina#36
  • Alabama#37
  • Oklahoma#43
  • Mississippi#46
  • Arkansas#48
  • Louisiana#50
Editor's note

Virginia versus Maryland is the Washington-area decision, and Virginia usually wins on taxes, crime and parking while Maryland wins on income. Virginia versus North Carolina is the retirement decision: the Carolina side is cheaper and the flow runs that way. Bristol straddles the Tennessee line, and Tennessee's missing income tax is a live argument there.

  • Compare Virginia with any state →

How the score works

Eleven categories, each scored 0–100 and weighted into one composite. Grades follow rank.

The weights

Economy 15% · Safety 12% · Health 12% · Education 12% · Affordability 10% · Fiscal Health 8% · Growth 7% · Transportation 7% · Livability 7% · Outdoor Access 6% · Environment 4%. The composite is the weighted sum, stretched linearly so states spread across most of the 0–100 range.

From raw numbers to scores

Every raw measure is placed on a 0–100 scale between a fixed floor and ceiling, inverted where lower is better (crime, cost, taxes), then combined within its category. The same scale applies to every state.

Letter grades

Grades follow rank, not score: A+ for ranks 1–5, A for 6–10, B+ for 11–18, B for 19–26, C+ for 27–34, C for 35–42, D for 43–48, F for 49–50. A C+ state is not failing; it is in the middle third.

Cities, budgets and neighbors

The 20 Virginia city scores, the household budgets and the neighbor table on this page are computed from the same sources as the state score. City ranks are among the cities we track, not all cities in the state.

Editor's notes

Passages marked as editor's notes are written for this state and add context the numbers cannot: regions, tradeoffs, who the state fits. Every figure inside them is pulled from the data at build time, so the words cannot drift from the numbers.

Always the latest release

Each source is the most recent release its agency has published. The page is rebuilt when a source updates, so the score can move without any change in the state itself.

What the score cannot tell you

Weather and climate, culture and pace, politics beyond the Cook index shown for context, the quality of a specific school, hospital or neighborhood, job prospects in your field, and anything without a public, comparable, 50-state source. Statewide averages also hide the metro-versus-rural split, which is why the editor's notes name places.

Category briefs

Economy: Unemployment rate and median household income. Safety: Violent and property crime rates per 100,000 residents. Health: Health outcomes, behaviors, and access to care. Education: K-12 school quality, test scores, and graduation rates. Full methodology →

Key takeaways

What the Virginia numbers say when read together.

  1. 01

    Economy is Virginia's strongest suit

    Virginia is a #15 state overall but #7 of 50 for economy, 8 places better than its composite rank, with a score of 64.6 against a national average of 47.1. Safety (#13) is next. Economy carries 15% of the composite.

  2. 02

    Livability is where Virginia falls furthest behind

    Virginia ranks #35 of 50 for livability, 20 places below its overall #15, with a score of 27.3 against a national average of 34.3. At 7% of the composite, it is the category holding the overall score down most.

  3. 03

    Violent crime rate is 37% below the national average

    Virginia's violent crime rate is 206, 37% below the national average of 328, #8 of 50 (1 = safest). The largest gap in the other direction is typical home value: $414,662, 12% above the national average. Source: FBI estimates, latest release.

  4. 04

    Migration is a wash

    Net +421 households on 270,797 moves is too small a margin to call a direction; Virginia ranks #26 of 50 on net flow per 1,000 residents. The households arriving report $7,001 less in average income than those leaving ($82,327 against $89,328), so the state is trading down on income even as the headcount grows. The largest source is Maryland; the largest destination is North Carolina.

  5. 05

    A middle income is squeezed harder here than in most states

    A family of four earning $75,000 ends the year at a $21,950 shortfall after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transport and taxes, against a $11,758 shortfall in the median state (#34 of 50). A single adult on the same income comes out at a $28,402 surplus; a retiree couple at a $32,263 surplus. Infant childcare runs $17,264 a year, 10% above the national average.

  6. 06

    Virginia outranks every bordering state

    None of Virginia's 5 bordering states ranks above its #15; the closest match on the composite is North Carolina. Median income among them runs from $60,798 in West Virginia to $102,905 in Maryland; Virginia is at $92,090.

Editor's note

The tradeoff

+Median income of $92,090 with unemployment at 3.4%, the fourth-strongest economy score in the country.

−Northern Virginia childcare at $17,264 a year and Washington-metro rents eat a large share of it.

+Violent crime of 206 per hundred thousand ranks #8 in the country.

−That average hides Norfolk, Portsmouth and Newport News, where the rates run several times higher.

+Property tax at 0.76% sits below the national average of 1.02%.

−The annual personal property tax on cars gives part of that saving back every year.

Frequently asked questions about living in Virginia

Is Virginia a good place to live?

Virginia ranks #15 of 50 with a B+ grade, #1 of 14 in the South. It is top 10 in economy. On the six headline measures it beats the national figure on 3 of 6 (income, violent crime, and unemployment) and trails on home prices, cost of living, and tax burden. Whether that adds up to a good place to live depends on what you weigh; the household rankings below re-weight the same numbers for families, retirees and remote workers.

Where does Virginia rank among US states?

Virginia ranks #15 of 50 overall with a composite score of 67.7 (grade B+), and #1 of 14 states in the South. Its best category rank is #7 (economy) and its worst #35 (livability). The composite weights eleven categories, with economy, safety, health and education counting most; grades follow rank, so B+ means rank 11–18.

Is it expensive to live in Virginia?

At #36 of 50 for cost of living (1 = cheapest), Virginia is 1% above the national average: its index is 101.1 against a national baseline of 100. The typical home value is $414,662 (12% above the national average), and buying it takes an income of about $109,920 against a median household income of $92,090. At $75,000, a family of four comes out at a $21,950 shortfall after all costs, #34 of 50 (1 = most left over).

Does Virginia have a state income tax?

Yes. Virginia's top state income tax rate is 5.75% (#29 of 50, 1 = lowest), and the total state and local tax burden is 8.86% of income, 0.1 points above the national average. Property tax is 0.76% of home value and combined sales tax 5.77%.

What is the crime rate in Virginia?

Virginia reports 206 violent crimes per 100,000 residents, 37% below the national average and #8 of 50 (1 = safest), and 1,354 property crimes per 100,000, 12% below the national average (#18). Its safety score is 79.3 out of 100, #13 of 50. Figures are FBI estimates from the latest release.

Does Virginia have good schools?

Virginia is #14 of 50 for education (score 65.4 out of 100). Its public school students average 275 in eighth-grade math on NAEP (#22) and 256 in eighth-grade reading (#29), and the high school graduation rate is 89.1%, 3.5 points above the national average (#9). Among tracked cities with at least three schools, Leesburg has the highest graduation rate at 95%.

Is Virginia gaining or losing people?

Neither, to any meaningful degree: Virginia netted +421 households in the latest IRS release on 135,609 arrivals and 135,188 departures, 0.0 per 1,000 residents (#26 of 50), a flow too small to call a direction. The largest source of arrivals is Maryland (15,079 households) and the most common destination is North Carolina (15,148). Arriving households report an average income of $82,327 against $89,328 for those leaving, so movers out earn more than movers in. The IRS files count tax returns and say nothing about motives.

Is Virginia a red or blue state?

Virginia leans blue: its Cook Partisan Voting Index is D+5, meaning it votes about 5 points more Democratic than the country as a whole. The political lean is shown for context and is not part of the composite score.

What is the best part of Virginia to live in?

Depends on who pays you. Federal salary: Arlington, Alexandria or Reston to skip the drive, Loudoun or Prince William for a yard. Navy: Virginia Beach or Chesapeake. Moderate budget with a city: Richmond, or Tuckahoe on its west side. Retiring or remote: Charlottesville is expensive for its size, while Roanoke, Harrisonburg and Lynchburg give a real downtown at the state's lowest costs.

Does Virginia get hurricanes?

Rarely a direct hit, often the water. FEMA scores Virginia's hazard risk at 5.5, #5 lowest, but Hampton Roads sits at sea level and Norfolk floods on a high tide with the wrong wind. Storm remnants up the Blue Ridge cause flash floods. Flood insurance in Norfolk, Hampton and Virginia Beach is the cost the cost-of-living index misses; inland the hazard is ice storms.

Is Virginia tax-friendly for retirees?

Partly. Social Security is not taxed and Virginians over sixty-five get an age deduction that shrinks as income rises. Pensions and withdrawals are taxed at up to 5.75%, the gap with Florida or Tennessee. Property tax is low at 0.76% and many localities offer relief for older homeowners. The state ranks #15 for retirees; the Carolinas are cheaper, which is where the outbound flow goes.

Is Virginia a good place to raise a family?

Ranked #17 for families, on the strength of schools (#14 for education) and crime 37% below the national average. The cost is the problem: infant care runs $17,264, #33 cheapest, and Northern Virginia housing means a family of four at $75,000 comes out at a $21,950 shortfall after costs. Families who want the schools without the price move out to Stafford, western Loudoun or the Richmond suburbs.

Do I need a car in Virginia?

Almost everywhere, yes. 3% of commuters use transit statewide and the mean commute is 28.3 minutes. The exception is Arlington and Alexandria, where Metro, buses and sidewalks make a car optional. Richmond has a bus rapid transit line and Hampton Roads has a short light rail line, but neither replaces a car. The annual car tax makes owning one cost more here.

What is the weather like in Virginia year-round?

Humid summers everywhere, winters that depend on elevation. Hampton Roads and Richmond get muggy summers and light winters. Northern Virginia gets a few real snowstorms and the ice that shuts the Beltway. The Shenandoah Valley and the Blue Ridge run cooler and drier. Fall on the Blue Ridge Parkway is the season people move for; August in Norfolk is the one they warn about.

All the numbers

Every metric behind Virginia's 11 category scores, with the national figure beside each. Pick a category.

Median Household Income
$92,090
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: $80,903
Unemployment Rate
3.4%
BLS LAUS · Nat'l avg: 3.9%
Population Growth
+0.69%
Census, year over year · Nat'l avg: +0.5%
64.6Economy Score · National avg: 47.1
Violent Crime Rate
205.9
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 313
Property Crime Rate
1,353.5
per 100K · FBI estimate · Nat'l avg: 1,475
79.3Safety Score · National avg: 68.9
Life Expectancy
77.5 yr
CDC NCHS · Nat'l avg: 76.9 yr
Adults With Obesity
32.3%
CDC BRFSS · Nat'l avg: 34%
Uninsured
6.9%
Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 7.6%
61.4Health Score · National avg: 54.4
HS Graduation Rate
89.1%
EDFacts · Nat'l avg: 85.6%
NAEP Math, 8th Grade
275
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 273
NAEP Reading, 8th Grade
256
Nation's Report Card · Nat'l avg: 257
65.4Education Score · National avg: 57.5
GDP Per Capita
$66,440
BEA · Nat'l avg: $64,333
GDP Growth Rate
+2.3%
Real, year over year · Nat'l avg: +1.9%
Credit Rating
AAA
S&P / Moody's, latest
Fiscal Score
62.8
of 100 · Nat'l avg: 58.1
Budget Balance
+4.5%
Surplus · % of revenue · NASBO
State Debt Per Capita
$2,830
Census state finances · Nat'l avg: $3,506
Rainy Day Fund
8.9%
of expenditures · Pew Fiscal 50
Pension Funded Ratio
80%
Pew · Nat'l avg: 74.3%
Tax Burden
8.86%
of income · Nat'l avg: 8.74%
Income Tax Rate
5.75%
Top rate, state + local
Property Tax Rate
0.76%
Effective rate · Nat'l avg: 1.02%
Sales Tax Rate
5.77%
State + local avg · Nat'l avg: 6.66%
62.8Fiscal Health Score · National avg: 58.1
Typical Home Value
$414,662
Latest month · Nat'l avg: $383,360
Cost of Living Index
101.1
BEA Regional Price Parity · National = 100
Price-to-Income Ratio
4.5x
Home value ÷ median income · Nat'l avg: 4.6x
Electricity
15.28¢/kWh
EIA
Natural Gas
$16.79/Mcf
EIA
Gasoline
$3.09/gal
EIA
Infant Care (Center)
$17,264/yr
Child Care Aware of America
Goods Prices
100.4
BEA price level for goods · US = 100
60.5Affordability Score · National avg: 65.2
Air Quality Index
37
EPA annual median · Nat'l avg: 38.8
Renewable Energy
10%
EIA, % of electricity · Nat'l avg: 29%
Natural Disaster Risk
5.5
FEMA NRI per capita · Nat'l avg: 30
48.0Environment Score · National avg: 42.5
Public Land
10.5%
of state area · USGS PAD-US
Recreation Facilities
2.59
per 10K residents · Census CBP
Park Acreage per Capita
0.05
NPS acres per resident
20.1Outdoor Access Score · National avg: 29.4
Mean Commute Time
28.3 min
Mean travel time to work · Census ACS
60+ Min Commute
10%
of workers · Census ACS
Drive Alone
68.6%
of commuters · Census ACS
Public Transit Use
3%
of commuters · Census ACS
Walk / Bicycle
2.4%
active commuters · Census ACS
Work From Home
15.8%
of workers · Census ACS
Vehicle Miles Traveled
10,036
per capita · FHWA
Carpool Rate
8.7%
of commuters · Census ACS
47.8Transportation Score · National avg: 49.8
Restaurants per 1K
1.795
Census County Business Patterns
Arts & Entertainment
0.021
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Social Associations
0.07
per 1K residents · Census CBP
Bars & Breweries
0.024
per 1K residents · Census CBP
27.3Livability Score · National avg: 34.3
Net Domestic Migration
+0.7
per 1,000 residents · Nat'l avg: +1.1
Migration Trend
Gaining
More people moving in than out
Broadband Subscription
92.8%
Households, any type · Census ACS · Nat'l avg: 92.7%
Households Moving In
135.6K
Top origin: Maryland
Households Moving Out
135.2K
Top destination: North Carolina
45.1Growth Score · National avg: 38.8

Also consulted for the Virginia editor's notes

  • Virginia Tax, Virginia taxes and your retirement ↗