California vs Indiana: Which Is Better to Live In?
California ranks #47 of 50 overall and Indiana #22 as of the latest release. Indiana is cheaper to live in (cost of living index 93.3 vs 110.7), has a 1.9-point lower tax burden, and has a 41% lower violent crime rate. Indiana scores higher overall, leading 6 of 11 categories to 3.
- Typical home value is 66% lower in Indiana ($260,095 vs. $764,158 in California).
- Residential electricity price is 50% lower in Indiana (16.23¢/kWh vs. 32.54¢/kWh in California).
- Typical rent, largest metro is 47% lower in Indiana ($1,552 vs. $2,941 in California).
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall scorecomposite of 100, rank of 50Gap -19 pts | 40.2#47 of 50 · D | 59.2#22 of 50 · B | -19 pts | — | IN |
| Cost of living indexUS = 100Gap +17.4 pts (+19%) · US 100 | 110.7#50 of 50 | 93.3#18 of 50 | +17.4 pts+19% | 100 | IN |
| Left after costs, family of fourearning $75K a yearGap -$49,822 · US -$11,758 | -$59,997#48 of 50 | -$10,175#23 of 50 | -$49,822 | -$11,758 | IN |
| Typical home valuetypical home, modeled estimateGap +$504,063 (+194%) · US $368,697 | $764,158#49 of 50 | $260,095#11 of 50 | +$504,063+194% | $368,697 | IN |
| Total state and local tax burdenshare of incomeGap +1.91 pts · US 8.74% | 11%#47 of 50 | 9.09%#33 of 50 | +1.91 pts | 8.74% | IN |
| Violent crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +178 (+70%) · US 328 | 433#44 of 50 | 254#21 of 50 | +178+70% | 328 | IN |
| Median household incomeGap +$28,190 (+39%) · US $80,903 | $100,149#5 of 50 | $71,959#41 of 50 | +$28,190+39% | $80,903 | CA |
| High school graduation rateGap -0.7 pts · US 85.62% | 87%#23 of 50 | 87.7%#18 of 50 | -0.7 pts | 85.62% | IN |
| Life expectancyGap +3.9 yrs · US 76.9 | 79.3#7 of 50 | 75.4#39 of 50 | +3.9 yrs | 76.9 | CA |
| Net householdsIRS, householdsGap -99,129 · US -33 | -100,397#50 of 50 | -1,268#32 of 50 | -99,129 | -33 | IN |
Cost of living index from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (US = 100). Left after costs from the America's Dashboard affordability engine for a family of four earning $75,000. Typical home value from Zillow Research. Tax burden from WalletHub. Violent crime from the FBI, per 100,000 residents. Income and graduation from the Census Bureau and NCES. Life expectancy from the CDC. Net households from IRS Statistics of Income. US column is the 50-state average or median.
Is California or Indiana better to live in?
Indiana scores higher overall: 59.2 to 40.2 out of 100, #22 of 50 against #47. California leads 3 of 11 categories, Indiana leads 6, and 2 are within 3 points.
| Category | Weight | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | Gap | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economy15% of scoregap -1.4 | 15% | 41.5#34 · C+ | 42.9#30 · C+ | -1.4 pts | Even |
| Safety12% of scoregap -25.2 | 12% | 54.7#43 · D | 79.9#11 · B+ | -25.2 pts | IN |
| Health12% of scoregap +37.3 | 12% | 77.6#5 · A+ | 40.3#39 · C | +37.3 pts | CA |
| Education12% of scoregap -21.8 | 12% | 51.7#37 · C | 73.5#7 · A | -21.8 pts | IN |
| Affordability10% of scoregap -61.4 | 10% | 14.3#49 · F | 75.7#19 · B | -61.4 pts | IN |
| Fiscal Health8% of scoregap -17.8 | 8% | 47.5#40 · C | 65.3#16 · B+ | -17.8 pts | IN |
| Growth7% of scoregap -36.6 | 7% | 6.1#50 · F | 42.7#21 · B | -36.6 pts | IN |
| Transportation7% of scoregap +3.9 | 7% | 46.0#35 · C | 42.1#44 · D | +3.9 pts | CA |
| Livability7% of scoregap +1.7 | 7% | 31.7#27 · C+ | 30.0#30 · C+ | +1.7 pts | Even |
| Outdoor Access6% of scoregap +31 | 6% | 40.8#12 · B+ | 9.8#44 · D | +31 pts | CA |
| Environment4% of scoregap -13.7 | 4% | 24.7#47 · D | 38.4#28 · C+ | -13.7 pts | IN |
Scores run 0 to 100 within each category; weight is the category's share of the composite. Grades follow rank (1–5 A+, 6–10 A, 11–18 B+, 19–26 B, 27–34 C+, 35–42 C, 43–48 D, 49–50 F). Methodology →
Is California cheaper than Indiana?
Indiana is cheaper: cost of living index 93.3 vs 110.7 in California (US = 100). A family of four earning $75,000 keeps $49,822 more a year in Indiana after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transportation and taxes.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of living indexUS = 100Gap +17.4 pts (+19%) · US 100 | 110.7#50 of 50 | 93.3#18 of 50 | +17.4 pts+19% | 100 | IN |
| Price level for goodsUS = 100Gap +10.6 pts (+11%) · US 100 | 106.1#46 of 50 | 95.5#12 of 50 | +10.6 pts+11% | 100 | IN |
| Residential electricity priceGap +16.31¢ (+100%) · US 17.84¢/kWh | 32.54¢/kWh#49 of 50 | 16.23¢/kWh#32 of 50 | +16.31¢+100% | 17.84¢/kWh | IN |
| Residential natural gas priceGap +$10.52 (+92%) · US $15.83/Mcf | $22.01/Mcf#47 of 50 | $11.49/Mcf#14 of 50 | +$10.52+92% | $15.83/Mcf | IN |
| Gasoline priceGap +$1.35 (+44%) · US $3.32/gal | $4.42/gal#48 of 50 | $3.07/gal#11 of 50 | +$1.35+44% | $3.32/gal | IN |
| Center-based infant care, per yearGap +$5,610 (+32%) · US $15,633 | $23,071#46 of 50 | $17,461#34 of 50 | +$5,610+32% | $15,633 | IN |
Cost of living index and the price level for goods from the Bureau of Economic Analysis regional price parities (US = 100). Electricity, natural gas and gasoline prices from the EIA; center-based infant care from Child Care Aware of America. Lower is ahead.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Adultearning $75,000Gap -$24,320 | +$12,129costs $62,871 | +$36,449costs $38,552 | -$24,320 | IN |
| Couple, No Kidsearning $75,000Gap -$31,239 | -$2,304costs $77,304 | +$28,935costs $46,065 | -$31,239 | IN |
| Family of 4earning $75,000Gap -$49,822 | -$59,997costs $134,997 | -$10,175costs $85,175 | -$49,822 | IN |
| Retiree Coupleearning $75,000Gap -$26,756 | +$14,276costs $60,724 | +$41,032costs $33,968 | -$26,756 | IN |
Income left after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transportation and state and local taxes for four household types earning $75,000, from the affordability engine. Negative means typical costs exceed take-home pay.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HousingGap +$34,009 | $51,794 | $17,785 | +$34,009 | IN |
| ChildcareGap +$11,220 | $46,142 | $34,922 | +$11,220 | IN |
| UtilitiesGap +$836 | $5,314 | $4,478 | +$836 | IN |
| GroceriesGap +$1,194 | $11,950 | $10,756 | +$1,194 | IN |
| TransportationGap +$4,242 | $13,891 | $9,649 | +$4,242 | IN |
| State and local taxesGap -$1,679 | $5,906 | $7,585 | -$1,679 | CA |
Annual cost lines for a family of four (two adults, two children). Lower is ahead.
Which has lower taxes, California or Indiana?
Indiana collects a smaller share of income in state and local taxes: 9.09% vs 11%. California has high income tax, high sales tax, with property tax in the middle of the pack; Indiana has middle of the pack on income, property and sales taxes.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total state and local tax burdenshare of incomeGap +1.91 pts · US 8.74% | 11%#47 of 50 | 9.09%#33 of 50 | +1.91 pts | 8.74% | IN |
| Top state income tax ratetop rateGap +9.38 pts · US 5.46% | 14.4%#48 of 50 | 5.02%#23 of 50 | +9.38 pts | 5.46% | IN |
| Effective property tax rateeffective rateGap -0.06 pts · US 1.02% | 0.71%#15 of 50 | 0.77%#20 of 50 | -0.06 pts | 1.02% | Even |
| Combined state and local sales taxstate + localGap +1.99 pts · US 6.66% | 8.99%#44 of 50 | 7%#26 of 50 | +1.99 pts | 6.66% | IN |
Total tax burden (state and local taxes as a share of personal income) from WalletHub; top marginal income tax rate, effective property tax rate and combined state and local sales tax from the Tax Foundation. Lower is ahead.
Are homes more expensive in California or Indiana?
Homes cost 194% more in California: a typical home value of $764,158 in California vs $260,095 in Indiana. Buying the typical home takes about $197,262 of income in California and $70,704 in Indiana; the median household earns $100,149 and $71,959.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical home valuetypical home, modeled estimateGap +$504,063 (+194%) · US $368,697 | $764,158#49 of 50 | $260,095#11 of 50 | +$504,063+194% | $368,697 | IN |
| Home value change, one yearGap -2.6 pts · US +1.2% | +0.4%#39 of 50 | +3%#17 of 50 | -2.6 pts | +1.2% | IN |
| Typical rent, largest metrolargest metro, per monthGap +$1,389 (+89%) · US $1,948 | $2,941#47 of 50 | $1,552#18 of 50 | +$1,389+89% | $1,948 | IN |
| Income needed to buyto buy the typical homeGap +$126,558 (+179%) · US $100,006 | $197,262#49 of 50 | $70,704#9 of 50 | +$126,558+179% | $100,006 | IN |
| Home value to income ratioGap +4x (+111%) · US 4.6x | 7.6x#49 of 50 | 3.6x#7 of 50 | +4x+111% | 4.6x | IN |
Typical home value, one-year change, largest-metro rent and income needed to buy from Zillow Research (a modeled estimate, not a median). Price-to-income ratio divides that typical home value by ACS median household income. Lower is ahead.
| CA | IN | |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly payment, 20% down | $3,932 | $1,338 |
| Income needed vs. median | +97% | -2% |
| Five-year change | +13.9% | +28.9% |
| Market temperature | Hot | Cool |
| Largest metro | Los Angeles | Indianapolis |
Income needed vs. median: how far the income required to buy the typical home sits above (+) or below (−) the state's median household income. Temperature blends price cuts, days to pending and inventory against the national market (Zillow).
Do people earn more in California or Indiana?
California pays more: median household income $100,149 vs $71,959, with unemployment at 5.5% in California and 3.7% in Indiana. Across 20 occupations with BLS wage data in both states, California's best-paying metro comes out ahead in 20 after adjusting for local costs and Indiana's in 0.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median household incomeGap +$28,190 (+39%) · US $80,903 | $100,149#5 of 50 | $71,959#41 of 50 | +$28,190+39% | $80,903 | CA |
| Unemployment rateGap +1.8 pts · US 3.95% | 5.5%#50 of 50 | 3.7%#19 of 50 | +1.8 pts | 3.95% | IN |
| GDP per capitaGap +$29,152 (+49%) · US $64,333 | $88,370#4 of 50 | $59,218#32 of 50 | +$29,152+49% | $64,333 | CA |
| Real GDP growthGap +0.8 pts · US +1.91% | +2.8%#10 of 50 | +2%#22 of 50 | +0.8 pts | +1.91% | CA |
| Population growthGap -0.58 pts · US +0.51% | -0.02%#46 of 50 | +0.56%#22 of 50 | -0.58 pts | +0.51% | IN |
Median household income from the Census Bureau ACS; unemployment from BLS LAUS; GDP per capita and real GDP growth from the BEA; population growth from Census Bureau estimates.
Show all 20 occupations
| Occupation | CA | IN | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lawyers | $226,574$256,029 in San Francisco | $144,667$133,094 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Software Developers | $213,666$241,443 in San Francisco | $133,348$122,680 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Registered Nurses | $139,711$157,873 in San Francisco | $90,771$83,509 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Family Medicine Physicians | $278,539$314,749 in San Francisco | $233,118$214,469 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Police & Sheriff's Patrol Officers | $116,596$131,753 in San Francisco | $80,465$74,028 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Electricians | $96,374$108,903 in San Francisco | $66,653$61,321 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Civil Engineers | $118,769$134,209 in San Francisco | $95,698$88,042 in Indianapolis | CA |
| General & Operations Managers | $120,991$136,720 in San Francisco | $102,621$94,411 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Computer Systems Analysts | $127,177$143,710 in San Francisco | $109,830$101,044 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Cooks, Restaurant | $49,551$55,993 in San Francisco | $33,860$31,151 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Accountants & Auditors | $94,831$107,159 in San Francisco | $79,365$73,016 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Dietitians & Nutritionists | $87,326$98,678 in San Francisco | $74,259$68,318 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Sales Representatives (Wholesale/Manufacturing) | $78,592$88,809 in San Francisco | $67,846$62,418 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Mental Health Counselors | $63,554$71,816 in San Francisco | $54,926$50,532 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers | $65,182$73,656 in San Francisco | $56,825$52,279 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) | $67,881$76,705 in San Francisco | $59,879$55,089 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Secondary School Teachers | $77,923$88,053 in San Francisco | $70,046$64,442 in Indianapolis | CA |
| HVAC Mechanics & Installers | $65,493$74,007 in San Francisco | $59,445$54,689 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Welders, Cutters & Brazers | $56,174$63,477 in San Francisco | $50,742$46,683 in Indianapolis | CA |
| Construction Laborers | $49,980$56,477 in San Francisco | $45,954$42,278 in Indianapolis | CA |
BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release: the median wage in each state's best-paying metro, adjusted for that metro's cost of living (BEA regional price parities). Sorted by the size of the gap.
Is California safer than Indiana?
Indiana is safer: 254 violent crimes per 100,000 residents vs 433 in California (FBI). Property crime runs 1,792 and 1,052 per 100,000.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Violent crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +178 (+70%) · US 328 | 433#44 of 50 | 254#21 of 50 | +178+70% | 328 | IN |
| Property crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +740 (+70%) · US 1,535 | 1,792#40 of 50 | 1,052#8 of 50 | +740+70% | 1,535 | IN |
FBI state crime estimates, offenses per 100,000 residents, latest release. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because the latest year is based on limited data. Lower is ahead.
- Yorba Linda, CA47 violent per 100K
- Carmel, IN51 violent per 100K
Among each state's 20 tracked cities, latest FBI release.
Which has better schools and health, California or Indiana?
Indiana scores higher for education (#7 of 50 vs #37), with high school graduation rates of 87% and 87.7%. California scores higher for health (#5 vs #39); life expectancy is 79.3 years in California and 75.4 in Indiana.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAEP math score, grade 8Gap -9 · US 273 | 269#36 of 50 | 278#13 of 50 | -9 | 273 | Even |
| NAEP reading score, grade 8Gap -7 · US 257 | 254#38 of 50 | 262#6 of 50 | -7 | 257 | Even |
| High school graduation rateGap -0.7 pts · US 85.62% | 87%#23 of 50 | 87.7%#18 of 50 | -0.7 pts | 85.62% | IN |
| Life expectancyGap +3.9 yrs · US 76.9 | 79.3#7 of 50 | 75.4#39 of 50 | +3.9 yrs | 76.9 | CA |
| Adults with obesityGap -9.3 pts · US 34.03% | 29.1%#6 of 50 | 38.4%#45 of 50 | -9.3 pts | 34.03% | CA |
| Residents without health insuranceGap -1.6 pts · US 7.6% | 5.9%#16 of 50 | 7.5%#26 of 50 | -1.6 pts | 7.6% | CA |
| Median air quality indexmedian AQI, lower is cleanerGap +7 pts (+17%) · US 38.8 | 48#50 of 50 | 41#30 of 50 | +7 pts+17% | 38.8 | IN |
High school graduation rate from NCES; life expectancy from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics; median air quality index from EPA AirData (lower is cleaner).
- San Ramon, CAeducation score 98
- Fishers, INeducation score 98
City education scores blend graduation rate, student-teacher ratio and per-pupil spending (NCES). State education scores combine NAEP math and reading with the graduation rate; health scores combine life expectancy, adult obesity and the uninsured rate. Education: California #37, Indiana #7. Health: California #5, Indiana #39.
Are more people moving from California to Indiana, or from Indiana to California?
3,482 households moved from California to Indiana and 3,064 moved from Indiana to California in the latest IRS release, a net gain of 418 households for Indiana. Movers to Indiana reported an average income of $77,968; movers to California reported $74,151. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, counting people, shows 9,740 people (±2,396) moving from California to Indiana and 7,654 (±3,693) the other way, a gap inside the margin of error, so the flows are roughly balanced.
Bars show people (Census ACS, latest release, with 90% margins of error). IRS counts tax-filing households and reports the movers' average income; pairs outside a state's top ten origins and destinations are not published.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Households moving inIRSGap +183,491 (+265%) | 252,863#3 of 50 | 69,372#21 of 50 | +183,491+265% | CA |
| Households moving outIRSGap +282,620 (+400%) | 353,260#50 of 50 | 70,640#32 of 50 | +282,620+400% | IN |
| Net householdsIRS, householdsGap -99,129 | -100,397#50 of 50 | -1,268#32 of 50 | -99,129 | IN |
| Net households per 1,000 residentsIRS, per 1,000 residentsGap -2.4 | -2.6#49 of 50 | -0.2#31 of 50 | -2.4 | IN |
| Average income of arriving householdsIRSGap +$31,174 (+48%) | $95,523#5 of 50 | $64,349#40 of 50 | +$31,174+48% | CA |
| Average income of departing householdsIRSGap +$34,306 (+51%) | $102,120#6 of 50 | $67,814#36 of 50 | +$34,306+51% | CA |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residentsCensus, per 1,000 residentsGap -7.6 | -5.8#47 of 50 | +1.8#20 of 50 | -7.6 | IN |
Each state's total inbound and outbound households and the movers' average income from IRS Statistics of Income; net domestic migration per 1,000 residents from Census Bureau population estimates. Latest releases.
Which is better for retirees, families or remote workers, California or Indiana?
Indiana is the better fit for families, retirees, remote workers, young professionals, and small business; 1 of the six lifestyle indexes are within 4 places. Each index re-weights the same 11 category scores for one kind of household.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FamiliesGap +30 places | #48score 43.1 | #18score 71.9 | +30 places | IN |
| RetireesGap +27 places | #49score 43.4 | #22score 62.8 | +27 places | IN |
| Remote WorkersGap +28 places | #50score 19.5 | #22score 53.9 | +28 places | IN |
| Young ProfessionalsGap +27 places | #50score 24.3 | #23score 54.1 | +27 places | IN |
| Small BusinessGap +32 places | #50score 26.8 | #18score 63 | +32 places | IN |
| Outdoor EnthusiastsGap -2 places | #31score 36.7 | #33score 34.9 | -2 places | Even |
Rank of 50 on each lifestyle index. A state is called ahead when the ranks are at least 4 places apart.
- FamiliesIndiana (#18 vs #48)
- RetireesIndiana (#22 vs #49)
- Remote WorkersIndiana (#22 vs #50)
- Young ProfessionalsIndiana (#23 vs #50)
- Small BusinessIndiana (#18 vs #50)
- Outdoor EnthusiastsEven (#31 vs #33)
Which cities stand out in California and Indiana?
California has 188 tracked cities and Indiana has 21; the largest are Los Angeles and Indianapolis. The table picks the best city in each state for one purpose at a time.
| Best for | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN |
|---|---|---|
| Largest citypopulation | Los Angeles3,857,263 people | Indianapolis885,860 people |
| Highest composite scorecomposite score | Palo Altoscore 70.9 | Carmelscore 73.1 |
| Safest cityviolent crime per 100,000 | Yorba Linda47 violent per 100K | Carmel51 violent per 100K |
| Cheapest citycost of living index | Mercedcost index 98.3 | Terre Hautecost index 87.8 |
| Most walkableEPA walkability index, 1 to 20 | Santa Monicawalkability 16.3 of 20 | Bloomingtonwalkability 13.9 of 20 |
| Cleanest airmedian air quality index, county | Santa Rosacounty median AQI 9 | Bloomingtoncounty median AQI 36 |
| Best schoolsgraduation rate, % | San Ramon98% graduation rate | Fishers98% graduation rate |
| Richest citymedian household income | Cupertinomedian income $234,707 | Carmelmedian income $141,505 |
| Fastest growingpopulation growth, % | Folsom+4.1% growth | Westfield+5.3% growth |
Among the 20 tracked cities in each state. Census ACS, FBI, NCES and BEA data, latest releases.
How do California and Indiana compare on everything else?
State finances, environment, and getting around. California carries AA- credit rating and Indiana AAA.
Show fiscal, environment and commuting tables
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable share of electricityGap +37 pts · US 29.34% | 52%#12 of 50 | 15%#28 of 50 | +37 pts | 29.34% | CA |
| FEMA natural disaster risk indexFEMA index, lower is saferGap +39.4 (+233%) · US 29.6 | 56.3#48 of 50 | 16.9#15 of 50 | +39.4+233% | 29.6 | IN |
| Public land shareGap +43.7 pts · US 17.16% | 45.8%#7 of 50 | 2.1%#44 of 50 | +43.7 pts | 17.16% | CA |
| Mean travel time to workGap +5.1 min · US 25.2 min | 29.7 min#46 of 50 | 24.6 min#22 of 50 | +5.1 min | 25.2 min | IN |
| Commuters using public transitGap +2.7 pts · US 2.29% | 3.3%#10 of 50 | 0.6%#36 of 50 | +2.7 pts | 2.29% | CA |
| Workers working from homeGap +4.5 pts · US 12.28% | 14.1%#16 of 50 | 9.6%#39 of 50 | +4.5 pts | 12.28% | CA |
| Households with a broadband subscriptionGap +3 pts · US 92.67% | 95%#4 of 50 | 92%#36 of 50 | +3 pts | 92.67% | CA |
Renewable share of electricity from the EIA; natural disaster risk from FEMA's National Risk Index; public land share from USGS PAD-US; mean travel time to work, transit and work-from-home shares from the Census Bureau ACS; households with a broadband subscription from the Census Bureau ACS.
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit ratingindex, 100 = AAAGap -15 pts · US 92.7 | 85#45 of 50 | 100#9 of 50 | -15 pts | 92.7 | IN |
| Rainy-day fund, share of spendingGap -4.2 pts · US 12.39% | 8.3%#35 of 50 | 12.5%#18 of 50 | -4.2 pts | 12.39% | IN |
| Pension funded ratioGap -10 pts · US 74.3% | 72%#32 of 50 | 82%#14 of 50 | -10 pts | 74.3% | IN |
| State debt per capitaGap +$1,840 (+79%) · US $3,506 | $4,180#39 of 50 | $2,340#17 of 50 | +$1,840+79% | $3,506 | IN |
| Budget balance, share of spendingGap -9 pts · US +4.66% | -3.2%#50 of 50 | +5.8%#17 of 50 | -9 pts | +4.66% | IN |
Credit rating index (S&P / Moody's; California AA-, Indiana AAA), rainy-day fund and budget balance as a share of spending (Pew, NASBO), pension funded ratio (Pew) and state debt per capita (Census Bureau).
California vs Indiana: every metric side by side
Every measure behind the category scores, with each state's rank of 50 and the US figure. California is ahead on 13 of 51, Indiana on 33, and 5 are even.
Show all 54 metrics
| Measure | CaliforniaCA | IndianaIN | GapCA−IN | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PopulationGap +32,381,976 (+464%) · US 6.8 million | 39.4 million#1 of 50 | 7 million#17 of 50 | +32,381,976+464% | 6.8 million | CA |
| Median household incomeGap +$28,190 (+39%) · US $80,903 | $100,149#5 of 50 | $71,959#41 of 50 | +$28,190+39% | $80,903 | CA |
| Unemployment rateGap +1.8 pts · US 3.95% | 5.5%#50 of 50 | 3.7%#19 of 50 | +1.8 pts | 3.95% | IN |
| Population growthGap -0.58 pts · US +0.51% | -0.02%#46 of 50 | +0.56%#22 of 50 | -0.58 pts | +0.51% | IN |
| GDP per capitaGap +$29,152 (+49%) · US $64,333 | $88,370#4 of 50 | $59,218#32 of 50 | +$29,152+49% | $64,333 | CA |
| Real GDP growthGap +0.8 pts · US +1.91% | +2.8%#10 of 50 | +2%#22 of 50 | +0.8 pts | +1.91% | CA |
| Violent crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +178 (+70%) · US 328 | 433#44 of 50 | 254#21 of 50 | +178+70% | 328 | IN |
| Property crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +740 (+70%) · US 1,535 | 1,792#40 of 50 | 1,052#8 of 50 | +740+70% | 1,535 | IN |
| High school graduation rateGap -0.7 pts · US 85.62% | 87%#23 of 50 | 87.7%#18 of 50 | -0.7 pts | 85.62% | IN |
| NAEP math score, grade 4Gap -7 · US 237 | 233#43 of 50 | 240#9 of 50 | -7 | 237 | Even |
| NAEP math score, grade 8Gap -9 · US 273 | 269#36 of 50 | 278#13 of 50 | -9 | 273 | Even |
| NAEP reading score, grade 4Gap -8 · US 214 | 212#40 of 50 | 220#6 of 50 | -8 | 214 | Even |
| NAEP reading score, grade 8Gap -7 · US 257 | 254#38 of 50 | 262#6 of 50 | -7 | 257 | Even |
| Life expectancyGap +3.9 yrs · US 76.9 | 79.3#7 of 50 | 75.4#39 of 50 | +3.9 yrs | 76.9 | CA |
| Adults with obesityGap -9.3 pts · US 34.03% | 29.1%#6 of 50 | 38.4%#45 of 50 | -9.3 pts | 34.03% | CA |
| Residents without health insuranceGap -1.6 pts · US 7.6% | 5.9%#16 of 50 | 7.5%#26 of 50 | -1.6 pts | 7.6% | CA |
| Typical home valuetypical home, modeled estimateGap +$504,063 (+194%) · US $368,697 | $764,158#49 of 50 | $260,095#11 of 50 | +$504,063+194% | $368,697 | IN |
| Home value change, one yearGap -2.6 pts · US +1.2% | +0.4%#39 of 50 | +3%#17 of 50 | -2.6 pts | +1.2% | IN |
| Typical rent, largest metrolargest metro, per monthGap +$1,389 (+89%) · US $1,948 | $2,941#47 of 50 | $1,552#18 of 50 | +$1,389+89% | $1,948 | IN |
| Income needed to buyto buy the typical homeGap +$126,558 (+179%) · US $100,006 | $197,262#49 of 50 | $70,704#9 of 50 | +$126,558+179% | $100,006 | IN |
| Cost of living indexUS = 100Gap +17.4 pts (+19%) · US 100 | 110.7#50 of 50 | 93.3#18 of 50 | +17.4 pts+19% | 100 | IN |
| Home value to income ratioGap +4x (+111%) · US 4.6x | 7.6x#49 of 50 | 3.6x#7 of 50 | +4x+111% | 4.6x | IN |
| Residential electricity priceGap +16.31¢ (+100%) · US 17.84¢/kWh | 32.54¢/kWh#49 of 50 | 16.23¢/kWh#32 of 50 | +16.31¢+100% | 17.84¢/kWh | IN |
| Residential natural gas priceGap +$10.52 (+92%) · US $15.83/Mcf | $22.01/Mcf#47 of 50 | $11.49/Mcf#14 of 50 | +$10.52+92% | $15.83/Mcf | IN |
| Gasoline priceGap +$1.35 (+44%) · US $3.32/gal | $4.42/gal#48 of 50 | $3.07/gal#11 of 50 | +$1.35+44% | $3.32/gal | IN |
| Price level for goodsUS = 100Gap +10.6 pts (+11%) · US 100 | 106.1#46 of 50 | 95.5#12 of 50 | +10.6 pts+11% | 100 | IN |
| Center-based infant care, per yearGap +$5,610 (+32%) · US $15,633 | $23,071#46 of 50 | $17,461#34 of 50 | +$5,610+32% | $15,633 | IN |
| Total state and local tax burdenshare of incomeGap +1.91 pts · US 8.74% | 11%#47 of 50 | 9.09%#33 of 50 | +1.91 pts | 8.74% | IN |
| Top state income tax ratetop rateGap +9.38 pts · US 5.46% | 14.4%#48 of 50 | 5.02%#23 of 50 | +9.38 pts | 5.46% | IN |
| Effective property tax rateeffective rateGap -0.06 pts · US 1.02% | 0.71%#15 of 50 | 0.77%#20 of 50 | -0.06 pts | 1.02% | Even |
| Combined state and local sales taxstate + localGap +1.99 pts · US 6.66% | 8.99%#44 of 50 | 7%#26 of 50 | +1.99 pts | 6.66% | IN |
| Credit ratingindex, 100 = AAAGap -15 pts · US 92.7 | 85#45 of 50 | 100#9 of 50 | -15 pts | 92.7 | IN |
| Rainy-day fund, share of spendingGap -4.2 pts · US 12.39% | 8.3%#35 of 50 | 12.5%#18 of 50 | -4.2 pts | 12.39% | IN |
| Pension funded ratioGap -10 pts · US 74.3% | 72%#32 of 50 | 82%#14 of 50 | -10 pts | 74.3% | IN |
| State debt per capitaGap +$1,840 (+79%) · US $3,506 | $4,180#39 of 50 | $2,340#17 of 50 | +$1,840+79% | $3,506 | IN |
| Budget balance, share of spendingGap -9 pts · US +4.66% | -3.2%#50 of 50 | +5.8%#17 of 50 | -9 pts | +4.66% | IN |
| Median air quality indexmedian AQI, lower is cleanerGap +7 pts (+17%) · US 38.8 | 48#50 of 50 | 41#30 of 50 | +7 pts+17% | 38.8 | IN |
| Renewable share of electricityGap +37 pts · US 29.34% | 52%#12 of 50 | 15%#28 of 50 | +37 pts | 29.34% | CA |
| FEMA natural disaster risk indexFEMA index, lower is saferGap +39.4 (+233%) · US 29.6 | 56.3#48 of 50 | 16.9#15 of 50 | +39.4+233% | 29.6 | IN |
| Public land shareGap +43.7 pts · US 17.16% | 45.8%#7 of 50 | 2.1%#44 of 50 | +43.7 pts | 17.16% | CA |
| Mean travel time to workGap +5.1 min · US 25.2 min | 29.7 min#46 of 50 | 24.6 min#22 of 50 | +5.1 min | 25.2 min | IN |
| Commuters using public transitGap +2.7 pts · US 2.29% | 3.3%#10 of 50 | 0.6%#36 of 50 | +2.7 pts | 2.29% | CA |
| Workers working from homeGap +4.5 pts · US 12.28% | 14.1%#16 of 50 | 9.6%#39 of 50 | +4.5 pts | 12.28% | CA |
| Households with a broadband subscriptionGap +3 pts · US 92.67% | 95%#4 of 50 | 92%#36 of 50 | +3 pts | 92.67% | CA |
| Households moving inIRSGap +183,491 (+265%) · US 78,682 | 252,863#3 of 50 | 69,372#21 of 50 | +183,491+265% | 78,682 | CA |
| Households moving outIRSGap +282,620 (+400%) · US 78,715 | 353,260#50 of 50 | 70,640#32 of 50 | +282,620+400% | 78,715 | IN |
| Net householdsIRS, householdsGap -99,129 · US -33 | -100,397#50 of 50 | -1,268#32 of 50 | -99,129 | -33 | IN |
| Net households per 1,000 residentsIRS, per 1,000 residentsGap -2.4 · US +0.4 | -2.6#49 of 50 | -0.2#31 of 50 | -2.4 | +0.4 | IN |
| Average income of arriving householdsIRSGap +$31,174 (+48%) · US $77,690 | $95,523#5 of 50 | $64,349#40 of 50 | +$31,174+48% | $77,690 | CA |
| Average income of departing householdsIRSGap +$34,306 (+51%) · US $77,024 | $102,120#6 of 50 | $67,814#36 of 50 | +$34,306+51% | $77,024 | CA |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residentsCensus, per 1,000 residentsGap -7.6 · US +1.1 | -5.8#47 of 50 | +1.8#20 of 50 | -7.6 | +1.1 | IN |
| Left after costs, family of fourearning $75K a yearGap -$49,822 · US -$11,758 | -$59,997#48 of 50 | -$10,175#23 of 50 | -$49,822 | -$11,758 | IN |
| Left after costs, single adultearning $75K a yearGap -$24,320 · US +$31,418 | +$12,129#49 of 50 | +$36,449#10 of 50 | -$24,320 | +$31,418 | IN |
| Left after costs, retiree coupleearning $75K a yearGap -$26,756 · US +$35,970 | +$14,276#49 of 50 | +$41,032#9 of 50 | -$26,756 | +$35,970 | IN |
Every metric in the registry, direction-aware: ahead means better for a resident. Ranks are among the states with data. Sources are listed at the foot of the page.
Key takeaways
What the California and Indiana numbers say when read together.
Indiana ranks higher overall
Indiana leads 6 of the 11 categories to California's 3, with 2 even; California is ahead on health and outdoor access. Across all 51 measures with data on both sides, California is ahead on 13 and Indiana on 33.
Indiana is cheaper day to day
Indiana's cost of living index is 93.3 against 110.7 in California (US = 100). The typical home costs $764,158 in California and $260,095 in Indiana. A family of four on $75,000 keeps -$59,997 a year after typical costs in California and -$10,175 in Indiana.
Indiana takes a smaller share in taxes
California collects 11% of income in state and local taxes (high income tax, high sales tax, with property tax in the middle of the pack); Indiana collects 9.09% (middle of the pack on income, property and sales taxes).
California pays more
Median household income is $100,149 in California and $71,959 in Indiana, with unemployment at 5.5% and 3.7%. Violent crime runs 433 per 100,000 residents in California and 254 in Indiana.
Moves between the two run about even
9,740 people moved from California to Indiana and 7,654 the other way, a gap inside the survey's margin of error.
Indiana fits families and retirees better
For families, California ranks #48 of 50 and Indiana #18; for retirees, California ranks #49 and Indiana #22.
California vs Indiana: frequently asked questions
Is California or Indiana better to live in?
California ranks #47 of 50 overall and Indiana #22 as of the latest release. Indiana is cheaper to live in (cost of living index 93.3 vs 110.7), has a 1.9-point lower tax burden, and has a 41% lower violent crime rate. Indiana scores higher overall, leading 6 of 11 categories to 3.
Is California cheaper than Indiana?
Indiana is cheaper than California: cost of living index 93.3 vs 110.7 (US = 100). A family of four earning $75,000 would have -$59,997 left after typical housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transportation and taxes in California, and -$10,175 in Indiana. The typical home value is $764,158 in California and $260,095 in Indiana.
Which has lower taxes, California or Indiana?
Indiana has the lower tax burden: 9.09% of income in state and local taxes vs 11% in California. California's top income tax rate is 14.4%, its effective property tax rate 0.71% and its combined sales tax 8.99%; Indiana's are 5.02%, 0.77% and 7%.
Is California safer than Indiana?
Indiana is safer: 254 violent crimes per 100,000 residents vs 433 in California, per the FBI. California ranks #44 of 50 for violent crime and Indiana #21. Property crime is 1,792 per 100,000 in California and 1,052 in Indiana. The safest tracked cities are Yorba Linda, CA, and Carmel, IN.
Are homes more expensive in California or Indiana?
Homes are 194% more expensive in California: the typical home value is $764,158 in California and $260,095 in Indiana. Buying the typical home takes about $197,262 of household income in California and $70,704 in Indiana, against median incomes of $100,149 and $71,959.
Do people earn more in California or Indiana?
California pays more: median household income is $100,149 vs $71,959 in Indiana, per the Census Bureau. Unemployment is 5.5% in California and 3.7% in Indiana. Across 20 occupations with BLS wage data in both states, California's best-paying metro comes out ahead in 20 after adjusting for local costs and Indiana's in 0.
Are more people moving from California to Indiana or from Indiana to California?
3,482 households moved from California to Indiana and 3,064 moved from Indiana to California in the latest IRS release, a net gain of 418 households for Indiana. Movers to Indiana reported an average income of $77,968; movers to California reported $74,151. The Census Bureau's American Community Survey, counting people, shows 9,740 people (±2,396) moving from California to Indiana and 7,654 (±3,693) the other way, a gap inside the margin of error, so the flows are roughly balanced.
Which is better for retirees, California or Indiana?
Indiana is the better fit for retirees: #22 of 50 on the retiree index vs #49 for California. California has high income tax, high sales tax, with property tax in the middle of the pack; Indiana has middle of the pack on income, property and sales taxes. A retiree couple on $75,000 would have +$14,276 left after typical costs in California and +$41,032 in Indiana.
Which is better for families, California or Indiana?
Indiana is the better fit for families: #18 of 50 on the families index vs #48 for California. Center-based infant care costs $23,071 a year in California and $17,461 in Indiana. High school graduation rates are 87% and 87.7%. A family of four on $75,000 keeps -$59,997 after typical costs in California and -$10,175 in Indiana.
Is Indiana better than California?
Yes: Indiana ranks higher than California overall, #22 of 50 vs #47, with a composite score of 59.2 to 40.2. Indiana leads 6 of 11 categories and California leads 3, including health and outdoor access. Which is better for you depends on how you weigh cost, safety, schools, taxes and pay.
Compare a different pair
Swap either state, or jump to the matchups people open alongside California vs Indiana.
Why this pair is featured: major moving corridor (3,482 households moved in the busier direction in the latest IRS release).