Pennsylvania vs Michigan: Which Is Better to Live In?
Pennsylvania ranks #25 of 50 overall and Michigan #45 as of the latest release. They cost about the same to live in (cost of living index 97.6 vs 96.2); Pennsylvania collects a similar share of income in taxes and has a 46% lower violent crime rate. Pennsylvania scores higher overall, leading 6 of 11 categories to 3.
- Violent crime rate is 46% lower in Pennsylvania (227 vs. 416 in Michigan).
- Typical rent, largest metro is 20% lower in Michigan ($1,524 vs. $1,911 in Pennsylvania).
- Income needed to buy the typical home is 11% lower in Michigan ($73,945 vs. $82,894 in Pennsylvania).
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall scorecomposite of 100, rank of 50Gap +14.2 pts | 56.9#25 of 50 · B | 42.7#45 of 50 · D | +14.2 pts | — | PA |
| Cost of living indexUS = 100Gap +1.4 pts (+1%) · US 100 | 97.6#28 of 50 | 96.2#24 of 50 | +1.4 pts+1% | 100 | Even |
| Left after costs, family of fourearning $75K a yearGap -$5,991 · US -$11,758 | -$11,625#25 of 50 | -$5,634#17 of 50 | -$5,991 | -$11,758 | MI |
| Typical home valuetypical home, modeled estimateGap +$24,109 (+9%) · US $368,697 | $290,401#15 of 50 | $266,292#12 of 50 | +$24,109+9% | $368,697 | MI |
| Total state and local tax burdenshare of incomeGap +0.33 pts · US 8.74% | 8.58%#21 of 50 | 8.25%#18 of 50 | +0.33 pts | 8.74% | Even |
| Violent crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap -189 (-46%) · US 328 | 227#14 of 50 | 416#40 of 50 | -189-46% | 328 | PA |
| Median household incomeGap +$5,156 (+7%) · US $80,903 | $77,545#27 of 50 | $72,389#37 of 50 | +$5,156+7% | $80,903 | PA |
| High school graduation rateGap +6 pts · US 85.62% | 87%#22 of 50 | 81%#45 of 50 | +6 pts | 85.62% | PA |
| Life expectancyGap +0.5 yrs · US 76.9 | 77.3#26 of 50 | 76.8#29 of 50 | +0.5 yrs | 76.9 | PA |
| Net householdsIRS, householdsGap -3,325 · US -33 | -12,095#44 of 50 | -8,770#42 of 50 | -3,325 | -33 | MI |
Cost of living index from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (US = 100). Left after costs from the America's Dashboard affordability engine for a family of four earning $75,000. Typical home value from Zillow Research. Tax burden from WalletHub. Violent crime from the FBI, per 100,000 residents. Income and graduation from the Census Bureau and NCES. Life expectancy from the CDC. Net households from IRS Statistics of Income. US column is the 50-state average or median.
Is Pennsylvania or Michigan better to live in?
Pennsylvania scores higher overall: 56.9 to 42.7 out of 100, #25 of 50 against #45. Pennsylvania leads 6 of 11 categories, Michigan leads 3, and 2 are within 3 points.
| Category | Weight | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | Gap | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economy15% of scoregap +17.3 | 15% | 39.2#38 · C | 21.9#50 · F | +17.3 pts | PA |
| Safety12% of scoregap +14.2 | 12% | 78.1#15 · B+ | 63.9#31 · C+ | +14.2 pts | PA |
| Health12% of scoregap +4.2 | 12% | 59.6#21 · B | 55.4#27 · C+ | +4.2 pts | PA |
| Education12% of scoregap +23.2 | 12% | 65.4#15 · B+ | 42.2#44 · D | +23.2 pts | PA |
| Affordability10% of scoregap -6.6 | 10% | 66.7#27 · C+ | 73.3#22 · B | -6.6 pts | MI |
| Fiscal Health8% of scoregap -10.6 | 8% | 45.6#41 · C | 56.2#32 · C+ | -10.6 pts | MI |
| Growth7% of scoregap +2.5 | 7% | 26.8#39 · C | 24.3#41 · C | +2.5 pts | Even |
| Transportation7% of scoregap +6.5 | 7% | 55.9#9 · A | 49.4#27 · C+ | +6.5 pts | PA |
| Livability7% of scoregap +9.7 | 7% | 34.4#22 · B | 24.7#41 · C | +9.7 pts | PA |
| Outdoor Access6% of scoregap +2 | 6% | 19.8#31 · C+ | 17.8#32 · C+ | +2 pts | Even |
| Environment4% of scoregap -4 | 4% | 38.0#30 · C+ | 42.0#23 · B | -4 pts | MI |
Scores run 0 to 100 within each category; weight is the category's share of the composite. Grades follow rank (1–5 A+, 6–10 A, 11–18 B+, 19–26 B, 27–34 C+, 35–42 C, 43–48 D, 49–50 F). Methodology →
Is Pennsylvania cheaper than Michigan?
Pennsylvania and Michigan cost about the same day to day: cost of living index 97.6 vs 96.2 (US = 100). A family of four earning $75,000 keeps $5,991 more a year in Michigan after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transportation and taxes.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of living indexUS = 100Gap +1.4 pts (+1%) · US 100 | 97.6#28 of 50 | 96.2#24 of 50 | +1.4 pts+1% | 100 | Even |
| Price level for goodsUS = 100Gap +3.4 pts (+4%) · US 100 | 99.4#39 of 50 | 96#16 of 50 | +3.4 pts+4% | 100 | MI |
| Residential electricity priceGap -0.71¢ (-4%) · US 17.84¢/kWh | 19.30¢/kWh#37 of 50 | 20.01¢/kWh#39 of 50 | -0.71¢-4% | 17.84¢/kWh | PA |
| Residential natural gas priceGap +$4.12 (+38%) · US $15.83/Mcf | $15.04/Mcf#26 of 50 | $10.92/Mcf#9 of 50 | +$4.12+38% | $15.83/Mcf | MI |
| Gasoline priceGap +$0.30 (+10%) · US $3.32/gal | $3.40/gal#43 of 50 | $3.10/gal#16 of 50 | +$0.30+10% | $3.32/gal | MI |
| Center-based infant care, per yearGap +$1,238 (+9%) · US $15,633 | $15,302#26 of 50 | $14,064#21 of 50 | +$1,238+9% | $15,633 | MI |
Cost of living index and the price level for goods from the Bureau of Economic Analysis regional price parities (US = 100). Electricity, natural gas and gasoline prices from the EIA; center-based infant care from Child Care Aware of America. Lower is ahead.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single Adultearning $75,000Gap -$1,225 | +$33,202costs $41,798 | +$34,427costs $40,573 | -$1,225 | MI |
| Couple, No Kidsearning $75,000Gap -$2,311 | +$24,381costs $50,619 | +$26,692costs $48,308 | -$2,311 | MI |
| Family of 4earning $75,000Gap -$5,991 | -$11,625costs $86,625 | -$5,634costs $80,634 | -$5,991 | MI |
| Retiree Coupleearning $75,000Gap -$1,878 | +$37,129costs $37,871 | +$39,007costs $35,994 | -$1,878 | MI |
Income left after housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transportation and state and local taxes for four household types earning $75,000, from the affordability engine. Negative means typical costs exceed take-home pay.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HousingGap +$1,963 | $21,716 | $19,753 | +$1,963 | MI |
| ChildcareGap +$2,476 | $30,604 | $28,128 | +$2,476 | MI |
| UtilitiesGap +$67 | $4,685 | $4,618 | +$67 | Even |
| GroceriesGap +$383 | $11,195 | $10,812 | +$383 | Even |
| TransportationGap +$943 | $10,686 | $9,743 | +$943 | MI |
| State and local taxesGap +$159 | $7,739 | $7,580 | +$159 | Even |
Annual cost lines for a family of four (two adults, two children). Lower is ahead.
Which has lower taxes, Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania and Michigan collect a similar share of income in state and local taxes: 8.58% vs 8.25%. Pennsylvania has high property tax, with income and sales taxes in the middle of the pack; Michigan has low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total state and local tax burdenshare of incomeGap +0.33 pts · US 8.74% | 8.58%#21 of 50 | 8.25%#18 of 50 | +0.33 pts | 8.74% | Even |
| Top state income tax ratetop rateGap +0.21 pts · US 5.46% | 6.86%#37 of 50 | 6.65%#36 of 50 | +0.21 pts | 5.46% | Even |
| Effective property tax rateeffective rateGap +0.06 pts · US 1.02% | 1.41%#39 of 50 | 1.35%#37 of 50 | +0.06 pts | 1.02% | Even |
| Combined state and local sales taxstate + localGap +0.34 pts · US 6.66% | 6.34%#17 of 50 | 6%#13 of 50 | +0.34 pts | 6.66% | Even |
Total tax burden (state and local taxes as a share of personal income) from WalletHub; top marginal income tax rate, effective property tax rate and combined state and local sales tax from the Tax Foundation. Lower is ahead.
Are homes more expensive in Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Homes cost 9% more in Pennsylvania: a typical home value of $290,401 in Pennsylvania vs $266,292 in Michigan. Buying the typical home takes about $82,894 of income in Pennsylvania and $73,945 in Michigan; the median household earns $77,545 and $72,389.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Typical home valuetypical home, modeled estimateGap +$24,109 (+9%) · US $368,697 | $290,401#15 of 50 | $266,292#12 of 50 | +$24,109+9% | $368,697 | MI |
| Home value change, one yearGap -1.6 pts · US +1.2% | +2.4%#22 of 50 | +4%#7 of 50 | -1.6 pts | +1.2% | MI |
| Typical rent, largest metrolargest metro, per monthGap +$387 (+25%) · US $1,948 | $1,911#32 of 50 | $1,524#16 of 50 | +$387+25% | $1,948 | MI |
| Income needed to buyto buy the typical homeGap +$8,949 (+12%) · US $100,006 | $82,894#16 of 50 | $73,945#12 of 50 | +$8,949+12% | $100,006 | MI |
| Home value to income ratioGap 0x (0%) · US 4.6x | 3.7x#13 of 50 | 3.7x#15 of 50 | 0x0% | 4.6x | Even |
Typical home value, one-year change, largest-metro rent and income needed to buy from Zillow Research (a modeled estimate, not a median). Price-to-income ratio divides that typical home value by ACS median household income. Lower is ahead.
| PA | MI | |
|---|---|---|
| Monthly payment, 20% down | $1,494 | $1,370 |
| Income needed vs. median | +7% | +2% |
| Five-year change | +22.3% | +24.1% |
| Market temperature | Warm | Cool |
| Largest metro | Philadelphia | Detroit |
Income needed vs. median: how far the income required to buy the typical home sits above (+) or below (−) the state's median household income. Temperature blends price cuts, days to pending and inventory against the national market (Zillow).
Do people earn more in Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania pays more: median household income $77,545 vs $72,389, with unemployment at 4.3% in Pennsylvania and 5.2% in Michigan. Across 20 occupations with BLS wage data in both states, Pennsylvania's best-paying metro comes out ahead in 6 after adjusting for local costs and Michigan's in 1.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median household incomeGap +$5,156 (+7%) · US $80,903 | $77,545#27 of 50 | $72,389#37 of 50 | +$5,156+7% | $80,903 | PA |
| Unemployment rateGap -0.9 pts · US 3.95% | 4.3%#33 of 50 | 5.2%#48 of 50 | -0.9 pts | 3.95% | PA |
| GDP per capitaGap +$9,459 (+17%) · US $64,333 | $64,785#20 of 50 | $55,326#40 of 50 | +$9,459+17% | $64,333 | PA |
| Real GDP growthGap +0.2 pts · US +1.91% | +2%#23 of 50 | +1.8%#30 of 50 | +0.2 pts | +1.91% | Even |
| Population growthGap -0.18 pts · US +0.51% | +0.1%#42 of 50 | +0.28%#35 of 50 | -0.18 pts | +0.51% | Even |
Median household income from the Census Bureau ACS; unemployment from BLS LAUS; GDP per capita and real GDP growth from the BEA; population growth from Census Bureau estimates.
Show all 20 occupations
| Occupation | PA | MI | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lawyers | $167,174$163,831 in Philadelphia | $152,435$143,289 in Detroit | PA |
| Family Medicine Physicians | $242,841$237,984 in Philadelphia | $248,727$233,803 in Detroit | Even |
| Computer Systems Analysts | $118,034$115,673 in Philadelphia | $113,783$106,956 in Detroit | PA |
| Licensed Practical Nurses (LPN) | $63,266$62,001 in Philadelphia | $59,364$55,802 in Detroit | PA |
| Registered Nurses | $93,714$91,840 in Philadelphia | $89,989$84,590 in Detroit | PA |
| Mental Health Counselors | $57,212$56,068 in Philadelphia | $60,529$56,897 in Detroit | MI |
| Software Developers | $140,923$138,105 in Philadelphia | $143,840$135,210 in Detroit | Even |
| Dietitians & Nutritionists | $76,220$74,696 in Philadelphia | $73,448$69,041 in Detroit | PA |
| Cooks, Restaurant | $38,397$37,629 in Philadelphia | $35,851$33,700 in Detroit | PA |
| Sales Representatives (Wholesale/Manufacturing) | $75,371$73,864 in Philadelphia | $73,498$69,088 in Detroit | Even |
| Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers | $58,469$57,300 in Philadelphia | $60,091$56,486 in Detroit | Even |
| Accountants & Auditors | $84,184$82,500 in Philadelphia | $82,872$77,900 in Detroit | Even |
| HVAC Mechanics & Installers | $62,440$61,191 in Philadelphia | $61,151$57,482 in Detroit | Even |
| Secondary School Teachers | $74,861$73,364 in Philadelphia | $73,631$69,213 in Detroit | Even |
| Police & Sheriff's Patrol Officers | $81,004$79,384 in Philadelphia | $82,057$77,134 in Detroit | Even |
| Electricians | $68,229$66,864 in Philadelphia | $68,769$64,643 in Detroit | Even |
| Construction Laborers | $48,322$47,356 in Philadelphia | $48,624$45,707 in Detroit | Even |
| General & Operations Managers | $107,178$105,034 in Philadelphia | $107,373$100,931 in Detroit | Even |
| Civil Engineers | $107,139$104,996 in Philadelphia | $107,310$100,871 in Detroit | Even |
| Welders, Cutters & Brazers | $51,640$50,607 in Philadelphia | $51,641$48,543 in Detroit | Even |
BLS Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics, latest release: the median wage in each state's best-paying metro, adjusted for that metro's cost of living (BEA regional price parities). Sorted by the size of the gap.
Is Pennsylvania safer than Michigan?
Pennsylvania is safer: 227 violent crimes per 100,000 residents vs 416 in Michigan (FBI). Property crime runs 1,324 and 1,259 per 100,000.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Violent crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap -189 (-46%) · US 328 | 227#14 of 50 | 416#40 of 50 | -189-46% | 328 | PA |
| Property crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +65 (+5%) · US 1,535 | 1,324#17 of 50 | 1,259#13 of 50 | +65+5% | 1,535 | Even |
FBI state crime estimates, offenses per 100,000 residents, latest release. Florida and North Dakota use the FBI's prior-year estimate because the latest year is based on limited data. Lower is ahead.
- Bethel Park, PA44 violent per 100K
- Rochester Hills, MI62 violent per 100K
Among each state's 20 tracked cities, latest FBI release.
Which has better schools and health, Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania scores higher for education (#15 of 50 vs #44), with high school graduation rates of 87% and 81%. Pennsylvania scores higher for health (#21 vs #27); life expectancy is 77.3 years in Pennsylvania and 76.8 in Michigan.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAEP math score, grade 8Gap +6 · US 273 | 276#18 of 50 | 270#31 of 50 | +6 | 273 | Even |
| NAEP reading score, grade 8Gap +4 · US 257 | 259#19 of 50 | 255#33 of 50 | +4 | 257 | Even |
| High school graduation rateGap +6 pts · US 85.62% | 87%#22 of 50 | 81%#45 of 50 | +6 pts | 85.62% | PA |
| Life expectancyGap +0.5 yrs · US 76.9 | 77.3#26 of 50 | 76.8#29 of 50 | +0.5 yrs | 76.9 | PA |
| Adults with obesityGap -1.9 pts · US 34.03% | 34.2%#24 of 50 | 36.1%#33 of 50 | -1.9 pts | 34.03% | PA |
| Residents without health insuranceGap +0.7 pts · US 7.6% | 5.8%#14 of 50 | 5.1%#8 of 50 | +0.7 pts | 7.6% | MI |
| Median air quality indexmedian AQI, lower is cleanerGap 0 pts (0%) · US 38.8 | 40#22 of 50 | 40#27 of 50 | 0 pts0% | 38.8 | Even |
High school graduation rate from NCES; life expectancy from the CDC National Center for Health Statistics; median air quality index from EPA AirData (lower is cleaner).
- State College, PAeducation score 96
- Farmington Hills, MIeducation score 94.2
City education scores blend graduation rate, student-teacher ratio and per-pupil spending (NCES). State education scores combine NAEP math and reading with the graduation rate; health scores combine life expectancy, adult obesity and the uninsured rate. Education: Pennsylvania #15, Michigan #44. Health: Pennsylvania #21, Michigan #27.
Are more people moving from Pennsylvania to Michigan, or from Michigan to Pennsylvania?
The Census Bureau's American Community Survey counts 2,357 people (±1,040) moving from Pennsylvania to Michigan and 1,264 (±625) the other way, a gap inside the margin of error, so the flows are roughly balanced.
Bars show people (Census ACS, latest release, with 90% margins of error). IRS counts tax-filing households and reports the movers' average income; pairs outside a state's top ten origins and destinations are not published.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Households moving inIRSGap +51,825 (+72%) | 123,625#8 of 50 | 71,800#20 of 50 | +51,825+72% | PA |
| Households moving outIRSGap +55,150 (+68%) | 135,720#45 of 50 | 80,570#33 of 50 | +55,150+68% | MI |
| Net householdsIRS, householdsGap -3,325 | -12,095#44 of 50 | -8,770#42 of 50 | -3,325 | MI |
| Net households per 1,000 residentsIRS, per 1,000 residentsGap 0.0 | -0.9#37 of 50 | -0.9#38 of 50 | 0.0 | Even |
| Average income of arriving householdsIRSGap +$2,221 (+3%) | $76,366#28 of 50 | $74,145#30 of 50 | +$2,221+3% | Even |
| Average income of departing householdsIRSGap +$7,699 (+10%) | $85,642#12 of 50 | $77,943#18 of 50 | +$7,699+10% | PA |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residentsCensus, per 1,000 residentsGap -0.4 | -0.2#33 of 50 | +0.2#31 of 50 | -0.4 | MI |
Each state's total inbound and outbound households and the movers' average income from IRS Statistics of Income; net domestic migration per 1,000 residents from Census Bureau population estimates. Latest releases.
Which is better for retirees, families or remote workers, Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania is the better fit for families, retirees, remote workers, young professionals, small business, and outdoor enthusiasts. Each index re-weights the same 11 category scores for one kind of household.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FamiliesGap -22 places | #19score 71.8 | #41score 53.5 | -22 places | PA |
| RetireesGap -4 places | #26score 61.5 | #30score 59.7 | -4 places | PA |
| Remote WorkersGap -5 places | #38score 46 | #43score 41.5 | -5 places | PA |
| Young ProfessionalsGap -14 places | #33score 49.4 | #47score 37.5 | -14 places | PA |
| Small BusinessGap -7 places | #38score 46.1 | #45score 36.9 | -7 places | PA |
| Outdoor EnthusiastsGap -5 places | #27score 43.3 | #32score 36.1 | -5 places | PA |
Rank of 50 on each lifestyle index. A state is called ahead when the ranks are at least 4 places apart.
- FamiliesPennsylvania (#19 vs #41)
- RetireesPennsylvania (#26 vs #30)
- Remote WorkersPennsylvania (#38 vs #43)
- Young ProfessionalsPennsylvania (#33 vs #47)
- Small BusinessPennsylvania (#38 vs #45)
- Outdoor EnthusiastsPennsylvania (#27 vs #32)
Which cities stand out in Pennsylvania and Michigan?
Pennsylvania has 20 tracked cities and Michigan has 24; the largest are Philadelphia and Detroit. The table picks the best city in each state for one purpose at a time.
| Best for | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI |
|---|---|---|
| Largest citypopulation | Philadelphia1,579,706 people | Detroit638,530 people |
| Highest composite scorecomposite score | Bethel Parkscore 72.4 | Troyscore 69.5 |
| Safest cityviolent crime per 100,000 | Bethel Park44 violent per 100K | Rochester Hills62 violent per 100K |
| Cheapest citycost of living index | Altoonacost index 89.5 | Battle Creekcost index 90.5 |
| Most walkableEPA walkability index, 1 to 20 | Harrisburgwalkability 15.9 of 20 | Ann Arborwalkability 13.5 of 20 |
| Cleanest airmedian air quality index, county | Eriecounty median AQI 34 | Lansingcounty median AQI 38 |
| Best schoolsgraduation rate, % | State College96% graduation rate | Farmington Hills94.2% graduation rate |
| Richest citymedian household income | Bethel Parkmedian income $107,090 | Rochester Hillsmedian income $120,694 |
| Fastest growingpopulation growth, % | York+0.6% growth | Grand Rapids+0.9% growth |
Among the 20 tracked cities in each state. Census ACS, FBI, NCES and BEA data, latest releases.
How do Pennsylvania and Michigan compare on everything else?
State finances, environment, and getting around. Pennsylvania carries AA- credit rating and Michigan AA.
Show fiscal, environment and commuting tables
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Renewable share of electricityGap -7 pts · US 29.34% | 6%#45 of 50 | 13%#33 of 50 | -7 pts | 29.34% | MI |
| FEMA natural disaster risk indexFEMA index, lower is saferGap +2.9 (+28%) · US 29.6 | 13.4#9 of 50 | 10.5#7 of 50 | +2.9+28% | 29.6 | MI |
| Public land shareGap -7.8 pts · US 17.16% | 5.6%#33 of 50 | 13.4%#18 of 50 | -7.8 pts | 17.16% | MI |
| Mean travel time to workGap +2.8 min · US 25.2 min | 27.1 min#38 of 50 | 24.3 min#20 of 50 | +2.8 min | 25.2 min | MI |
| Commuters using public transitGap +3.2 pts · US 2.29% | 4.2%#8 of 50 | 1%#28 of 50 | +3.2 pts | 2.29% | PA |
| Workers working from homeGap +2.6 pts · US 12.28% | 13.8%#17 of 50 | 11.2%#33 of 50 | +2.6 pts | 12.28% | PA |
| Households with a broadband subscriptionGap -0.7 pts · US 92.67% | 92.1%#34 of 50 | 92.8%#27 of 50 | -0.7 pts | 92.67% | MI |
Renewable share of electricity from the EIA; natural disaster risk from FEMA's National Risk Index; public land share from USGS PAD-US; mean travel time to work, transit and work-from-home shares from the Census Bureau ACS; households with a broadband subscription from the Census Bureau ACS.
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Credit ratingindex, 100 = AAAGap -5 pts · US 92.7 | 85#42 of 50 | 90#39 of 50 | -5 pts | 92.7 | MI |
| Rainy-day fund, share of spendingGap -9 pts · US 12.39% | 4.5%#46 of 50 | 13.5%#13 of 50 | -9 pts | 12.39% | MI |
| Pension funded ratioGap -6 pts · US 74.3% | 62%#42 of 50 | 68%#35 of 50 | -6 pts | 74.3% | MI |
| State debt per capitaGap +$940 (+30%) · US $3,506 | $4,120#38 of 50 | $3,180#31 of 50 | +$940+30% | $3,506 | MI |
| Budget balance, share of spendingGap -1.8 pts · US +4.66% | +2.5%#42 of 50 | +4.3%#29 of 50 | -1.8 pts | +4.66% | MI |
Credit rating index (S&P / Moody's; Pennsylvania AA-, Michigan AA), rainy-day fund and budget balance as a share of spending (Pew, NASBO), pension funded ratio (Pew) and state debt per capita (Census Bureau).
Pennsylvania vs Michigan: every metric side by side
Every measure behind the category scores, with each state's rank of 50 and the US figure. Pennsylvania is ahead on 11 of 51, Michigan on 24, and 16 are even.
Show all 54 metrics
| Measure | PennsylvaniaPA | MichiganMI | GapPA−MI | US | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PopulationGap +2,931,548 (+29%) · US 6.8 million | 13.1 million#5 of 50 | 10.1 million#10 of 50 | +2,931,548+29% | 6.8 million | PA |
| Median household incomeGap +$5,156 (+7%) · US $80,903 | $77,545#27 of 50 | $72,389#37 of 50 | +$5,156+7% | $80,903 | PA |
| Unemployment rateGap -0.9 pts · US 3.95% | 4.3%#33 of 50 | 5.2%#48 of 50 | -0.9 pts | 3.95% | PA |
| Population growthGap -0.18 pts · US +0.51% | +0.1%#42 of 50 | +0.28%#35 of 50 | -0.18 pts | +0.51% | Even |
| GDP per capitaGap +$9,459 (+17%) · US $64,333 | $64,785#20 of 50 | $55,326#40 of 50 | +$9,459+17% | $64,333 | PA |
| Real GDP growthGap +0.2 pts · US +1.91% | +2%#23 of 50 | +1.8%#30 of 50 | +0.2 pts | +1.91% | Even |
| Violent crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap -189 (-46%) · US 328 | 227#14 of 50 | 416#40 of 50 | -189-46% | 328 | PA |
| Property crime per 100,000per 100,000 residentsGap +65 (+5%) · US 1,535 | 1,324#17 of 50 | 1,259#13 of 50 | +65+5% | 1,535 | Even |
| High school graduation rateGap +6 pts · US 85.62% | 87%#22 of 50 | 81%#45 of 50 | +6 pts | 85.62% | PA |
| NAEP math score, grade 4Gap +3 · US 237 | 238#23 of 50 | 235#34 of 50 | +3 | 237 | Even |
| NAEP math score, grade 8Gap +6 · US 273 | 276#18 of 50 | 270#31 of 50 | +6 | 273 | Even |
| NAEP reading score, grade 4Gap +7 · US 214 | 216#17 of 50 | 209#44 of 50 | +7 | 214 | Even |
| NAEP reading score, grade 8Gap +4 · US 257 | 259#19 of 50 | 255#33 of 50 | +4 | 257 | Even |
| Life expectancyGap +0.5 yrs · US 76.9 | 77.3#26 of 50 | 76.8#29 of 50 | +0.5 yrs | 76.9 | PA |
| Adults with obesityGap -1.9 pts · US 34.03% | 34.2%#24 of 50 | 36.1%#33 of 50 | -1.9 pts | 34.03% | PA |
| Residents without health insuranceGap +0.7 pts · US 7.6% | 5.8%#14 of 50 | 5.1%#8 of 50 | +0.7 pts | 7.6% | MI |
| Typical home valuetypical home, modeled estimateGap +$24,109 (+9%) · US $368,697 | $290,401#15 of 50 | $266,292#12 of 50 | +$24,109+9% | $368,697 | MI |
| Home value change, one yearGap -1.6 pts · US +1.2% | +2.4%#22 of 50 | +4%#7 of 50 | -1.6 pts | +1.2% | MI |
| Typical rent, largest metrolargest metro, per monthGap +$387 (+25%) · US $1,948 | $1,911#32 of 50 | $1,524#16 of 50 | +$387+25% | $1,948 | MI |
| Income needed to buyto buy the typical homeGap +$8,949 (+12%) · US $100,006 | $82,894#16 of 50 | $73,945#12 of 50 | +$8,949+12% | $100,006 | MI |
| Cost of living indexUS = 100Gap +1.4 pts (+1%) · US 100 | 97.6#28 of 50 | 96.2#24 of 50 | +1.4 pts+1% | 100 | Even |
| Home value to income ratioGap 0x (0%) · US 4.6x | 3.7x#13 of 50 | 3.7x#15 of 50 | 0x0% | 4.6x | Even |
| Residential electricity priceGap -0.71¢ (-4%) · US 17.84¢/kWh | 19.30¢/kWh#37 of 50 | 20.01¢/kWh#39 of 50 | -0.71¢-4% | 17.84¢/kWh | PA |
| Residential natural gas priceGap +$4.12 (+38%) · US $15.83/Mcf | $15.04/Mcf#26 of 50 | $10.92/Mcf#9 of 50 | +$4.12+38% | $15.83/Mcf | MI |
| Gasoline priceGap +$0.30 (+10%) · US $3.32/gal | $3.40/gal#43 of 50 | $3.10/gal#16 of 50 | +$0.30+10% | $3.32/gal | MI |
| Price level for goodsUS = 100Gap +3.4 pts (+4%) · US 100 | 99.4#39 of 50 | 96#16 of 50 | +3.4 pts+4% | 100 | MI |
| Center-based infant care, per yearGap +$1,238 (+9%) · US $15,633 | $15,302#26 of 50 | $14,064#21 of 50 | +$1,238+9% | $15,633 | MI |
| Total state and local tax burdenshare of incomeGap +0.33 pts · US 8.74% | 8.58%#21 of 50 | 8.25%#18 of 50 | +0.33 pts | 8.74% | Even |
| Top state income tax ratetop rateGap +0.21 pts · US 5.46% | 6.86%#37 of 50 | 6.65%#36 of 50 | +0.21 pts | 5.46% | Even |
| Effective property tax rateeffective rateGap +0.06 pts · US 1.02% | 1.41%#39 of 50 | 1.35%#37 of 50 | +0.06 pts | 1.02% | Even |
| Combined state and local sales taxstate + localGap +0.34 pts · US 6.66% | 6.34%#17 of 50 | 6%#13 of 50 | +0.34 pts | 6.66% | Even |
| Credit ratingindex, 100 = AAAGap -5 pts · US 92.7 | 85#42 of 50 | 90#39 of 50 | -5 pts | 92.7 | MI |
| Rainy-day fund, share of spendingGap -9 pts · US 12.39% | 4.5%#46 of 50 | 13.5%#13 of 50 | -9 pts | 12.39% | MI |
| Pension funded ratioGap -6 pts · US 74.3% | 62%#42 of 50 | 68%#35 of 50 | -6 pts | 74.3% | MI |
| State debt per capitaGap +$940 (+30%) · US $3,506 | $4,120#38 of 50 | $3,180#31 of 50 | +$940+30% | $3,506 | MI |
| Budget balance, share of spendingGap -1.8 pts · US +4.66% | +2.5%#42 of 50 | +4.3%#29 of 50 | -1.8 pts | +4.66% | MI |
| Median air quality indexmedian AQI, lower is cleanerGap 0 pts (0%) · US 38.8 | 40#22 of 50 | 40#27 of 50 | 0 pts0% | 38.8 | Even |
| Renewable share of electricityGap -7 pts · US 29.34% | 6%#45 of 50 | 13%#33 of 50 | -7 pts | 29.34% | MI |
| FEMA natural disaster risk indexFEMA index, lower is saferGap +2.9 (+28%) · US 29.6 | 13.4#9 of 50 | 10.5#7 of 50 | +2.9+28% | 29.6 | MI |
| Public land shareGap -7.8 pts · US 17.16% | 5.6%#33 of 50 | 13.4%#18 of 50 | -7.8 pts | 17.16% | MI |
| Mean travel time to workGap +2.8 min · US 25.2 min | 27.1 min#38 of 50 | 24.3 min#20 of 50 | +2.8 min | 25.2 min | MI |
| Commuters using public transitGap +3.2 pts · US 2.29% | 4.2%#8 of 50 | 1%#28 of 50 | +3.2 pts | 2.29% | PA |
| Workers working from homeGap +2.6 pts · US 12.28% | 13.8%#17 of 50 | 11.2%#33 of 50 | +2.6 pts | 12.28% | PA |
| Households with a broadband subscriptionGap -0.7 pts · US 92.67% | 92.1%#34 of 50 | 92.8%#27 of 50 | -0.7 pts | 92.67% | MI |
| Households moving inIRSGap +51,825 (+72%) · US 78,682 | 123,625#8 of 50 | 71,800#20 of 50 | +51,825+72% | 78,682 | PA |
| Households moving outIRSGap +55,150 (+68%) · US 78,715 | 135,720#45 of 50 | 80,570#33 of 50 | +55,150+68% | 78,715 | MI |
| Net householdsIRS, householdsGap -3,325 · US -33 | -12,095#44 of 50 | -8,770#42 of 50 | -3,325 | -33 | MI |
| Net households per 1,000 residentsIRS, per 1,000 residentsGap 0.0 · US +0.4 | -0.9#37 of 50 | -0.9#38 of 50 | 0.0 | +0.4 | Even |
| Average income of arriving householdsIRSGap +$2,221 (+3%) · US $77,690 | $76,366#28 of 50 | $74,145#30 of 50 | +$2,221+3% | $77,690 | Even |
| Average income of departing householdsIRSGap +$7,699 (+10%) · US $77,024 | $85,642#12 of 50 | $77,943#18 of 50 | +$7,699+10% | $77,024 | PA |
| Net domestic migration per 1,000 residentsCensus, per 1,000 residentsGap -0.4 · US +1.1 | -0.2#33 of 50 | +0.2#31 of 50 | -0.4 | +1.1 | MI |
| Left after costs, family of fourearning $75K a yearGap -$5,991 · US -$11,758 | -$11,625#25 of 50 | -$5,634#17 of 50 | -$5,991 | -$11,758 | MI |
| Left after costs, single adultearning $75K a yearGap -$1,225 · US +$31,418 | +$33,202#23 of 50 | +$34,427#18 of 50 | -$1,225 | +$31,418 | MI |
| Left after costs, retiree coupleearning $75K a yearGap -$1,878 · US +$35,970 | +$37,129#23 of 50 | +$39,007#19 of 50 | -$1,878 | +$35,970 | MI |
Every metric in the registry, direction-aware: ahead means better for a resident. Ranks are among the states with data. Sources are listed at the foot of the page.
Key takeaways
What the Pennsylvania and Michigan numbers say when read together.
Pennsylvania ranks higher overall
Pennsylvania leads 6 of the 11 categories to Michigan's 3, with 2 even; Michigan is ahead on fiscal health and affordability. Across all 51 measures with data on both sides, Pennsylvania is ahead on 11 and Michigan on 24.
Everyday costs are about the same
The cost of living index is 97.6 in Pennsylvania and 96.2 in Michigan, inside the 2-point band this site treats as even. Typical home values are $290,401 and $266,292. A family of four on $75,000 keeps -$11,625 a year after typical costs in Pennsylvania and -$5,634 in Michigan.
Tax burdens are close
Pennsylvania collects 8.58% of income in state and local taxes (high property tax, with income and sales taxes in the middle of the pack); Michigan collects 8.25% (low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack).
Pennsylvania pays more and is safer
Median household income is $77,545 in Pennsylvania and $72,389 in Michigan, with unemployment at 4.3% and 5.2%. Violent crime runs 227 per 100,000 residents in Pennsylvania and 416 in Michigan.
Moves between the two run about even
2,357 people moved from Pennsylvania to Michigan and 1,264 the other way, a gap inside the survey's margin of error.
Pennsylvania fits families and retirees better
For families, Pennsylvania ranks #19 of 50 and Michigan #41; for retirees, Pennsylvania ranks #26 and Michigan #30.
Pennsylvania vs Michigan: frequently asked questions
Is Pennsylvania or Michigan better to live in?
Pennsylvania ranks #25 of 50 overall and Michigan #45 as of the latest release. They cost about the same to live in (cost of living index 97.6 vs 96.2); Pennsylvania collects a similar share of income in taxes and has a 46% lower violent crime rate. Pennsylvania scores higher overall, leading 6 of 11 categories to 3.
Is Pennsylvania cheaper than Michigan?
Pennsylvania and Michigan cost about the same to live in: cost of living index 97.6 vs 96.2 (US = 100). A family of four earning $75,000 would have -$11,625 left after typical housing, childcare, utilities, groceries, transportation and taxes in Pennsylvania, and -$5,634 in Michigan. The typical home value is $290,401 in Pennsylvania and $266,292 in Michigan.
Which has lower taxes, Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania and Michigan have similar tax burdens: 8.58% vs 8.25% of income in state and local taxes. Pennsylvania's top income tax rate is 6.86%, its effective property tax rate 1.41% and its combined sales tax 6.34%; Michigan's are 6.65%, 1.35% and 6%.
Is Pennsylvania safer than Michigan?
Pennsylvania is safer: 227 violent crimes per 100,000 residents vs 416 in Michigan, per the FBI. Pennsylvania ranks #14 of 50 for violent crime and Michigan #40. Property crime is 1,324 per 100,000 in Pennsylvania and 1,259 in Michigan. The safest tracked cities are Bethel Park, PA, and Rochester Hills, MI.
Are homes more expensive in Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Homes are 9% more expensive in Pennsylvania: the typical home value is $290,401 in Pennsylvania and $266,292 in Michigan. Buying the typical home takes about $82,894 of household income in Pennsylvania and $73,945 in Michigan, against median incomes of $77,545 and $72,389.
Do people earn more in Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania pays more: median household income is $77,545 vs $72,389 in Michigan, per the Census Bureau. Unemployment is 4.3% in Pennsylvania and 5.2% in Michigan. Across 20 occupations with BLS wage data in both states, Pennsylvania's best-paying metro comes out ahead in 6 after adjusting for local costs and Michigan's in 1, with 13 even.
Are more people moving from Pennsylvania to Michigan or from Michigan to Pennsylvania?
The Census Bureau's American Community Survey counts 2,357 people (±1,040) moving from Pennsylvania to Michigan and 1,264 (±625) the other way, a gap inside the margin of error, so the flows are roughly balanced.
Which is better for retirees, Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania is the better fit for retirees: #26 of 50 on the retiree index vs #30 for Michigan. Pennsylvania has high property tax, with income and sales taxes in the middle of the pack; Michigan has low sales tax, with income and property taxes in the middle of the pack. A retiree couple on $75,000 would have +$37,129 left after typical costs in Pennsylvania and +$39,007 in Michigan.
Which is better for families, Pennsylvania or Michigan?
Pennsylvania is the better fit for families: #19 of 50 on the families index vs #41 for Michigan. Center-based infant care costs $15,302 a year in Pennsylvania and $14,064 in Michigan. High school graduation rates are 87% and 81%. A family of four on $75,000 keeps -$11,625 after typical costs in Pennsylvania and -$5,634 in Michigan.
Is Michigan better than Pennsylvania?
No: Pennsylvania ranks higher than Michigan overall, #25 of 50 vs #45, with a composite score of 56.9 to 42.7. Pennsylvania leads 6 of 11 categories and Michigan leads 3, including fiscal health and affordability. Which is better for you depends on how you weigh cost, safety, schools, taxes and pay.
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Why this pair is featured: most-searched matchup.